M astitis is a disease of economic importance causing havoc in dairy sector throughout the world. National mastitis control program envisages minimizing spread of infection, protecting mammary gland tissue and curtailing entry of pathogens through teat orifice. Farm productivity has been limited with lack of appropriate technologies to meet location specific requirements (Kadivendi et al., 2015). Periodic assessment of milk is important to know the health status of udder (Syed et al., 2009). Dairy farmers differ in undertaking risk, seeking alternative source of employment and level of motivation in any region. The enhanced occurrence of coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) is cause of concern (Reyher and Dohoo, 2011; El-Jakee et al., 2013). Incidence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) upto 50% in cows was reported in different regions (Gianneechini et al., 2002; Alhussien et al., 2015). In India, SCM occurs forty times more than clinical form with annual economic loss of Rs. 4365.32 crore (NAAS, 2013; Bhanderi et al., 2014). These findings reflect that SCM needs to be given adequate attention (Abrahmsen et al., Short Communication Abstract | Mastitis is an ailment of economic importance affecting livestock worldwide. Several initiatives have been initiated globally through investment of highly skilled human resource along with unconstrained financial support. The nature of disease, cost of medication, difficulties in reaching out to needy livestock population and accessibility to diagnostic facilities are main impediments. Innovations from creative individuals in similar setting can address such difficulties better. Hence, listening to farming communities will enhance the scope of intervention and leverage experimental learning in society. Indigenous livestock system sustained by outstanding traditional livestock holders can complement efforts of scientific community. Appreciating the role, mainstreaming of indigenous veterinary medications has been revitalized. However, successful evidence of communities' role in bringing out suitable researchable issues, and response to meet, share and discuss with them were limited. The study illustrates successful outcome to bring desired attention in this area. During this engagement with civil society a novel innovative medicine coded AHP/BSD/SCM in treatment of sub-clinical mastitis was evaluated and was found effective. A specific research question posed by indigenous healer provided different perspective to control mastitis. This research study offers art of engaging different stakeholders to construct a meaningful situation for expressing and implementing creative, affordable technologies. It highlights the role of society in sharing a solution that has been collectively preserved by them and essential direction to formal system.

| Worldwide stakeholders have acknowledged the role of Indigenous Knowledge Research System (IKRS) as cost effective, readily accessible and sustainable solution. Several studies reflect documentation and assessment of indigenous veterinary practices. However, limited research studies have been conducted to demonstrate suitable model for integrating IKRS with livestock health intervention system. This exploratory research study explains utilization of IKRS in Gujarat and Manipur state of India. The study revealed that farmers were keen to embrace IKRS due to availability of practices, failure of conventional medications against certain ailments. Farmers were found to be aware of medicinal properties of plants, and acclaimed knowledge holders in usage of IKRS in their regions. These indigenous technologies or practices were location specific and innovative. The findings reiterated that State Department of Animal Husbandry (SDAH) alone cannot provide quality livestock health care. The support of SDAH, dairy societies and university research system is paramount for conservation and wider diffusion. Advancement of systemic response to indigenous healers can enable them to organize and acknowledge each other's effort through co-operative spirit. These frugal innovations can complement existing health care system and enhance livestock welfare, if only natural resources are conserved. Willingness, abilities of knowledge holders, farmers being part of research system, their experimental learning and knowledge of medicinal plants have to be reflected while designing disease control programs. Non-monetary incentives and diverse ways of engagement with knowledge holders are pre-requisite for sustaining, scaling knowledge systems. A suitable framework is shared for invigorating IKRS through utilizing, conserving natural resources with the help of existing formal and informal veterinary institutions. Keywords | Biodiversity, Frugal innovation, Integration, Indigenous knowledge, Livestock RavikumaR