Mg concentrations showed significant decrease after CPB; however, they showed quick recovery and did not increase the incidence of dysrhythmia in pediatric patients.

No abstract

Feeding sites for wild Yeso sika deer around Lake Akan, Japan, were established. Effects on the number of deer using the feeding sites, the prevention of bark stripping damage, the amount of feeding, and eating time in a 5-year period (1999-2003) were evaluated. The number of deer using feeding sites increased with years during the feeding period. The damaged tree ratio after the initiation of feeding markedly decreased compared with 16.5% before the initiation of feeding. After the start of feeding, there were no trees with damage the entire circumference. According to tree species, the number of damaged trees of Ulmus laciniata Mayr as a percentage of all investigated trees was high (5.2%). The total amount of beet pulp feeding increased with the feeding year, showing 4.5-fold increase. At feeding sites in deer culling, eating behavior was observed during the night. The preventive effects on bark stripping damage continued during the 5-year feeding period. However, with the course of feeding years, the number of deer using feeding sites and the level of feeding increased.

Magnesium (Mg) catalyzes or activates more than 300 enzymes in the body, and it plays a pivotal role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Until recently Mg has only been measured as a total substance concentration; however, it is the free ionized form of magnesium (iMg2 + ) that is physiologically acti\.e. In 1092, a novel ion selective electrode (ISE) utilizing a neutral carrier-based membrane for essment of iMg2+ in whole blood, plasma or serum was designed and it was used to measure the iMg'+ le\,el in whole blood of 160 healthy Japanese children. There was a significant positive correlation between serum total magnesium (SMg) and iMg'+. Percent ionized magnesium (iMg?+/SMg) was SX.3 & 4 . l % and increased with growth (age and bodyweight). The level of iMg?' was 1.29 k0.08 mg/dL (range. 1.09-I .5 1 ) { 0.535 0.033 rnmol/L (range. 0.452-0.627)) and was constant irrespective of growth. On the other hand. S M g serum total calcium (Sea) and ionized calcium (iCa?') decreased with growth.

We studied the role of magnesium (Mg) in congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS). Twenty-two congenital LQTS patients and 30 control subjects were included in this study. We measured serum Mg (SMg) level and Mg retention (MgR) level, and evaluated the role of Mg (a high MgR level reflects Mg deficiency in the body). The influence of intravenous Mg infusion on Mg level was evaluated. Relatively low SMg level and high MgR level (LQTS:control = 53:33%, p < 0.01) were recognized in congenital LQTS patients, but there was an overlap with controls. Mg supplementation did not shorten QT interval and there was no significant correlation between Mg levels and QTc interval. Patients with syncopal history showed a higher MgR level (syncope (+):syncope (-) = 70:46%, p < 0.01) and intravenous Mg infusion improved Mg deficiency. These results suggest that some (not all) congenital LQTS patients are in a Mg-deficient state, which may be associated with syncope, and Mg supplementation may prevent recurrent syncope in these patients. Because there are several subtypes of congenital LQTS, perhaps with genetic testing Mg deficiency may be identified as a significant cofactor in some forms, whereas in other forms it is not relevant.