In their paper Jakob and Edenhofer (2014) argue that reflecting on conßicts between “degrowth” and “green growth” concepts is a useless thing. Instead of discussing the growth issue it would make much more sense to focus on what they call a “welfare diagnostics” approach that deßnes minimum requirements for basic needs. No doubt, this approach has its merits. It is more or less similar to the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. But since the authors leave out real-world conßicts and interests as well as the economic drivers of growth, capital accumulation and consumerism, their approach appears quite apolitical. To keep quiet about growth imperatives and their compulsive dimensions is not an adequate answer to the challenges of sustainability.

It is the challenge of Johannesburg to move beyond KO, yet it is the danger of Johannesburg to regress behind KO. The Rio Conference on Environment and Development strove to address two major crises: the crisis of nature and that of justice. Environmentalistsoften from the Northwere expected to take into account the desire of the majority of the world's citizens for a life beyond poverty and distress. By contrast, developmentalists -* often from the South-were called upon to recognize the disastrous repercussions * ofa deteriorated nature base. Typically, environmentalists were seen to be opposing deforestation, chemical agriculture or expansion of power plants, while : developmentalists were pushing for marketing timber, expanding food supplies or electrifying villages. Therefore, the Earth Summit aimed at integrating the environ-* ment and development agendas to liberate policy makers from the dilemma of either aggravating the crisis of nature by pushing for development or aggravating the crisis of justice by insisting on the protection of nature.As it turned out, the Rio process fell short of fulfilling this ambition. How to respond to the desire for justice without upsetting the biosphere is still a puzzle for the 21st century. Of course, the fact that helping people and helping nature can go hand in hand has been demonstrated in many instances: in organic agriculture, in sustainable forestry and in resourceefficient industries as well. But on a macro-scale, the reconcilia-

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Ausgehend von einer Kritik am Konzept des "grünen Wachstums" und der These, dass technische Innovationen allein nicht dazu in der Lage sind, den notwendigen Strukturwandel zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung zu bewirken, werden verschiedene sozial-ökologische Innovationen auf ihr Potenzial hin untersucht, den Stoffwechsel zwischen Mensch und Natur (wieder) auf eine tragfähige Basis zu stellen. Im Zentrum stehen dabei die Ökonomie des Teilens (sharing economy), die Ökonomie der Langlebigkeit (repair economy), die Ökonomie der Subsidiarität (regional economy), die Ökonomie des Prosumierens (prosumer economy) und die Ökonomie der Resilienz (resilient economy). Die verschiedenen Ansätze werden dargestellt und diskutiert. Schlussendlich wird empfohlen, die fast in Vergessenheit geratene Forschung zur Dualökonomie wieder aufzunehmen und sie zeitgemäß weiterzuentwickeln.

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