No abstract

Purpose -The concept of food safety systems is increasing worldwide among farmers, manufactures, and processors and is also affecting consumer perspectives. This trend primarily impacts food businesses and table olive processing firms. The study seeks to explore the major economic obstacles to the adoption of food safety systems in table olive processing firms. Design/methodology/approach -All 59 table olive businesses in the Aydın Province of Turkey were included in the survey. In an effort to remove extraneous items and demonstrate internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha was calculated for each variable. To better specify the economic obstacles to food safety system implementation, data were examined with exploratory factor analysis using principal component extraction and varimax rotation. Findings -Major economic obstacles that most prominently emerged from analyses may explain several key indicators including difficulties in employing well-trained personnel required for food safety systems, insufficient training facilities for employees intended to aid in the implementation of food safety systems, deficiency of infrastructure and other physical conditions, and deficient financial support from government and non-government organizations.Research limitations/implications -The study investigated only table olive processors. Future research should include analyses of consumer behaviors. Practical implications -The Turkish government must ensure implementation of food safety systems to increase public knowledge and accelerate government funds for the establishment of such systems in the food business industry. Originality/value -The study contributes to the positive perceptions of managers and their behaviors towards implementation of food safety systems in table olive processing firms. Since the paper is one of only a few dealing with this topic, it provides key clues for dissemination of food safety systems adoption at the firm level.

A comparative performance analysis was studied on well-known drought indices (Standardized Precipitation Index, Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and its moisture anomaly index (Orig-Z), and self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (SC-PDSI) and its moisture anomaly index (SC-Z)) to determine the most appropriate index for assessing olive (O. europaea L.) yield for oil in seven crop regions (Muğla, Aydın, İzmir, Manisa, Balıkesir, Çanakkale, and Bursa) in western Turkey and to evaluate the vulnerability of olive yield for oil to climate change with future projections provided by the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research ENSEMBLES project (HadCM3Q0). A series of curvilinear regression-based crop yield models were developed for each of the olive-growing regions based on the drought indices. The crop yield model that performed the best was the SC-PDSI model in Muğla, Aydın, İzmir, and Manisa regions and the PDSI model in Çanakkale, Balıkesir, and Bursa regions. The SC-PDSI index-based model described 65%, 62%, 61%, and 62% of the measured variability of olive yield in Muğla, Aydın, İzmir, and Manisa regions, respectively. The PDSI indexbased model explained 59%, 58%, and 64% of the measured variability of olive yield in Balıkesir, Çanakkale, and Bursa regions, respectively. The vulnerability of the olive yield for oil to HadCM3Q0 future climate projections was evaluated for Aydın and Çanakkale regions due to the resolution of the regional climate model. In terms of the future scenarios, the expected decrease in olive yield residuals was 2.5 ton (10 3 trees) −1 and 1.78 ton (10 3 trees) −1 in Aydın and Çanakkale regions, respectively.

The process by which olive oil is produced yields two by-products, one of which is the brown coloured Olive Oil Mill Wastewater (OMWW) and has no direct use. OMWW is generally disposed of into soil or rivers, potentially contaminating the environment. OMWW can be treated using ultrafiltration facilities, but this requires that OMWW is collected from oil mills and delivered to the treatment facilities using a fleet of vehicles in an economically viable manner. Such considerations give rise to a multiperiod locationrouting problem. This paper formally introduces the problem and proposes an adaptive large neighbourhood search metaheuristic for its solution. The algorithm is applied on a case study drawn from one of the major olive oil producing countries. The paper presents computational and managerial results.

Dünyada bitkisel yağ üretimi yaklaşık 195 milyon ton olup bunun sadece 3 milyon tonunu zeytinyağı oluşturmaktadır. Zeytinyağı, uzun yıllık bir ağacın meyvesinden elde edildiği ve bu ağacın bazı özel iklim istekleri ve genetik özellikleri olması nedeniyle çok az üretilmektedir. Bir başka ifade ile bu miktar, kişi başına yıllık tüketimin ortalama 10 litre olması durumunda dünyada yaşayan 300 milyon kişiye ancak yeterli olacaktır. Türkiye, Akdeniz kıyı şeridinde yer aldığı, zeytin gen kaynakları açısından zengin olduğu ve dünyanın önemli zeytin ve zeytinyağı üreticisi ülkelerinden biri olduğu için şanslıdır. Özellikle sağlık bileşenleri üstün özelliklere sahip olan Türk zeytin çeşitlerinin hem ulusal hem uluslararası alanlarda tanıtılması gerekmektedir. Bu tanıtımda, turizm sektöründen destek alınması ve araç olarak "zeytinyağlı yemekler rotası"nın çizilmesi önemlidir. İşte bu çalışmada, yörelere adapte olmuş tescilli Türk zeytin çeşitlerinin Marmara Bölgesi'nden başlayan yolculuğu Güneydoğu Bölgesi'nde sona ermiştir. Bu yolculukta zeytin çeşitlerine yöresel zeytinyağlı yemekler eşlik ederek, tanınırlık ve bilinirliğin sağlanması amaçlanmıştır.