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Brazil has one of the fastest aging populations in the world and the incidence of cognitive impairment in the elderly is expected to increase exponentially. We examined the association between cognitive impairment and fruit and vegetable intake and associated factors in a low-income elderly population. A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out with 1849 individuals aged 65 or over living in São Paulo, Brazil. Cognitive function was assessed using the Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSI-D). Fruit and vegetable intake was assessed with a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and categorized into quartiles of intake and into total daily fruit and vegetable intake using the cut-off points for the WHO recommendations (<400grams/day or ≥400 grams/day). The association between cognitive impairment and each quartile of intake, and WHO recommendation levels, was evaluated in two separate multivariate logistic models. The WHO recommendations for daily intakes ≥400 grams/day were significantly associated with 47% decreased prevalence of cognitive impairment. An effect modification was found in both models between cognitive impairment and “years of education and physical activity” and “years of education and blood levels of HDL” So that, having 1 or more years of education and being physically active or having 1 or more years of education and levels higher than 50 mg/dl of HDL-cholesterol strongly decreased the prevalence of cognitive impairment. In this socially deprived population with very low levels of education and physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake, those who attained WHO recommendations, had 1 year or more of education and were physically active had a significantly lower prevalence of cognitive impairment. A more comprehensive understanding of the social determinants of mental health is needed to develop effective public policies in developing countries.

Methods We evaluated 1771 adolescents at 13 year old as part of a population-based cohort study (EPITeen). Sleep duration was estimated by the difference between self-reported usual bedtimes and wake-up times and adolescents were classified in three categories: #8.5 h (reference class), >8.5 h and <9.5 h and $9.5 h. Blood pressure (BP) was measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer using the auscultatory method, and hypertension was defined according to the American Academy of Pediatrics criteria. To evaluate the association between BP and sleep duration, OR and respective 95% CI, were computed, using the binary regression models adjusted for parents' education, BMI and caffeine intake. Results The mean (SD) sleep duration was 9.04 (0.80) hours per day. The prevalence of hypertension was 22.4% and it was significantly higher among males (54.8% vs 45.2%; p¼0.001). After adjustment, in females, a positive association was found between sleep duration and hypertension (>8.5 h and <9.5 h: OR¼1.61, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.44; $9.5 h: OR¼1.75, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.70). Among males an inverse association was found, significant only in those who slept $9.5 h (OR¼0.62, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.95). Conclusion Sleep duration was positively associated with the odds of hypertension occurrence in females, but the opposite association was found in males. Introduction Hearing loss has been identified as one of the most frequent chronic conditions affecting elderly people and can be result in social isolation, depression and increased dependency. The use of health services to preventive ends it is important to evaluate the health behaviours of elderly with disabilities. Methods Data are from the Survey of Health of São Paulo (ISACapital), a population-based cross-sectional study (n¼3357). We analysed the subgroup of elderly (60 years and above -n¼872) to determine the association between reported hearing loss and use of health services: immunisation against influenza in last year, participation in prevention programs: prostate cancer, breast cancer and cervical cancer. We used the c 2 test of association and analysis of Poisson regression (significance level: 0.05). Results The prevalence of hearing loss in elderly people was 11.2% and it was higher in men than women (p¼0.00). 60.5% of the elderly related to take immunisation against influenza, 82.9% of the women referred to participate the program of prevention of cervical cancer and 64.1% referred to participate the breast cancer one. There was an association between self-reported hearing loss and participate in programs to prevent prostate cancer (RP: 1,8; p¼0.03). Conclusion Self-reported hearing loss can be itself a revelation indicator of handicap and it is quick and inexpensive to be performed. These data should be a tool to evaluate of the use of health services and moreover they could help to plan of hearing rehabilitation services. Introduction Because of the pronounced and fast population ageing of low and middle-income countries, dementia is now a leading cause of disability. Verbal Flu...

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