RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é identificar as preferências dos consumidores de frutas, legumes e verduras (FLV) em termos de estabelecimentos de varejo por eles escolhidos, hábitos de consumo e principais critérios considerados em ABSTRACT This article is aimed at identifying the preferences of fruit and vegetable (FLV) consumers concerning the place of purchase, eating habits and main criteria used during purchase. The study was carried out through a survey made in 11 counties in the central region of Rio Grande do
The objectives of this work were estimate the leaf area of squash ‘Brasileirinha’ by linear dimensions of the leaves and check models available in the literature. An experiment was conducted in the 2015/16 sowing season. Were collected 500 leaves and in each one, were measured the length (L), width (W) and length×width product (LW) and determined the real leaf area (LA). Then, 400 leaves were separated to generate models of the leaf area (LA) as a function of linear dimension (L, W or LW) of squash. The remaining 100 leaves were used for the validation of models. A second experiment was conducted in the 2016/17 sowing season. Were collected 250 leaves, used only for the validation of the models of the first experiment. There is collinearity between L and W and, therefore, models using the LW product are not recommended. The model LA=0.5482W2 + 0.0680W (R²=0.9867) is adequate for leaf area estimation of squash ‘Brasileirinha’.
RESUMONeste trabalho, objetivou-se analisar o comportamento de tendência, sazonalidade e ciclos dos preços reais pagos ao produtor de leite do Rio Grande do Sul de 1973 a 2007, bem como a evolução dos preços ao consumidor e da margem de comercialização. O estudo foi realizado com base nas séries históricas de preços nominais mensais de leite pagos ao produtor e pelos consumidores no Rio Grande do Sul, obtidas junto à EMATER/RS e ao IEPE/UFRGS, respectivamente. Os preços nominais foram deflacionados para dezembro de 2007 pelo IGP-DI da FGV. Calcularam-se os Índices de Preço ao Consumidor e ao Produtor, Índices de Estacionalidade, Relativos de Ciclo e Margens de Comercialização do produto. Observou-se que os preços pagos ao produtor apresentaram tendência de queda durante toda a série histórica. O mercado de leite apresentou ciclos históricos pouco regulares até o início da década de 1980, e a partir de 1987 observou-se forte tendência de mudança na trajetória dos índices de preço ao produtor e ao consumidor. A margem de comercialização do leite cresceu no período analisado, situando-se entre 27% e 69%.Termos para indexação: Bovinocultura de leite, margem de comercialização, preços agrícolas, séries temporais de preços. ABSTRACTThe objective of this study is to analyse tendency behaviour, seasonality and price cycles of real prices paid to milk farmers in Rio Grande do Sul between 1973 and 2007, as well as the evolution of consumer prices and commercialization margins. The study was based on historical price series of nominal monthly milk prices paid to the producer and by consumers in Rio Grande do Sul, obtained through EMATER/RS and IEPE/UFRGS, respectively. The nominal prices were deflated for December 2007 according to the IGP-DI of the FGV. Consumer and farmer Price Indexes, Seasonal Indexes, relative cycles and product commercialization margins were calculated. It was observed that the prices paid to the farmer presented a decreasing tendency throughout the whole historical series. The milk market presented historical cycles generally regular until the beginning of the 1980s, and from 1987 on, a strong tendency toward change in farmer and consumer price indexes. The commercialization margin of milk increased during the period analysed, placing itself between 27% and 69%.
The objective of this study was to estimate the leaf area of triticale in function of linear dimensions from flags and other (non-flag) leaves. An experiment was conducted with the IPR111 cultivar in the 2016 agricultural year. At 93 days after sowing, 400 leaves were collected in order to generate the mathematical models of leaf area estimation in function of linear leaf dimensions. A total of 200 leaves were collected at 106 days after sowing in order to validate the models. In each of the 600 leaves, the length (L) and the width (W) were measured, and the product of length times width (L×W) and the ratio between length and width (L/W) were estimated. Afterwards, the leaves were digitized and the real leaf area determined by means of digital images. Linear, quadratic and power models were generated and validated for the estimation of the real leaf area (Y). The morphology of flag and other (non-flag) leaves is distinct and, thus, leaf area estimation models should be generated for each leaf type. In triticale, the most precise models of leaf area estimation are those that use L×W as the explanatory variable.
RESUMO As mudanças em nível institucional e governamental que ocorreram na indústria de laticínios a partir de 1990 geraram transformações na esfera privada, com aumento no número de empresas processadoras e níveis de concorrência entre elas para a aquisição do leite produzido nas propriedades rurais do Rio Grande do Sul. Porém, essa concorrência não é uniforme em todas as regiões do RS, sendo que em algumas predominam monopsônios e, em outras, oligopsônios concorrenciais. A presente pesquisa visou identificar e analisar, em diferentes regiões do RS, quais são e como têm evoluído as estruturas de mercado da matéria-prima leite, e quais as implicações sobre o comportamento dos agentes econômicos (produtores e indústrias) e sobre a coordenação da cadeia produtiva leiteira. Foram utilizados dois métodos de pesquisa: um levantamento das estruturas de mercado existentes nas diferentes bacias leiteiras do RS, com base no número de agroindústrias processadoras e a análise em profundidade de casos reveladores, que representassem contrastes uns com os outros. Como resultados, se pode identificar duas diferentes estruturas de mercado de fatores na cadeia produtiva do leite no RS, o oligopsônio concorrencial e o monopsônio. Se constatou relação direta entre estruturas de mercado, conduta dos agentes e estruturas de governança.
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