Research on the coast has highlighted the role of mass tourism as a driver of littoral urbanization. This article emphasizes the role of public policy by focusing on Languedoc-Roussillon in Mediterranean France. This littoral was the target of a state-driven development initiative known as Mission Racine, which aimed to promote the growth of what was seen as a backward area via the development of seaside tourism. For that purpose, the Mission promoted coordinated interventions including forest management, eradication of mosquitoes, construction of resorts, and transport infrastructure. This large-scale redevelopment significantly reshaped the littoral environment, severely impacted pre-existing forms of coastal activities and launched a new tourism industry. The legacy of the Mission, however, also included innovative land-use planning, which established protected areas and sought to contain urbanization. This case study illustrates the ambiguities of public policies for the coast, which can act alternatively as drivers of development or conservation and at times of both, and therein lies the importance of a contextual analysis of their role.
Ce qu’il est convenu d’appeler le « consensus fordiste » désigne un régime économique reposant notamment sur une forte croissance, obtenue au moyen de « la science », générant des gains de productivité qui étaient largement partagés avec les travailleurs. Comme le présentent d’autres articles dans ce numéro cet arrangement institutionnel a joui d’une forte légitimité, engendrant ainsi une grande stabilité. Les années 1968 sont en France et dans d’autres pays industrialisés le moment d’une remise en cause qui à certains égards pouvait être jugée salutaire. Les formes concrètes prises par les mouvements sociaux ont conduit des populations habituellement séparées à se rencontrer et à échanger. Renaud Bécot et Céline Pessis examinent le cas des scientifiques critiques et des syndicalistes et exposent l’existence de différents lieux de rencontre, de la santé au travail aux alternatives rurales.
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