Tropical peatlands are fragile ecosystems with an important role in conserving biodiversity, water quality and availability, preventing floods, soil intrusion, erosion and sedimentation, and providing a livelihood for people. However, due to illegal logging, fire and conversion into other land use, the peatlands in Indonesia are under serious threat. Efforts to restore Indonesia’s tropical peatlands have been accelerated by the establishment of the Peatland Restoration Agency in early 2016. The restoration action policy includes the rewetting, revegetation and revitalisation of local livelihood (known as the 3Rs). This paper summarises the regulatory, institutional and planning aspects of peatland restoration, in addition to the implementation of the 3Rs in Indonesia, including failures, success stories, and the criteria and indicators for the success of peatland restoration.

Indonesia has the second-largest biodiversity of any country in the world. Deforestation and forest degradation have caused a range of environmental issues, including habitat degradation and loss of biodiversity, deterioration of water quality and quantity, air pollution, and increased greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change. Forest restoration at the landscape level has been conducted to balance ecological integrity and human well-being. Forest restoration efforts are also aimed at reducing CO2 emissions and are closely related to Indonesia’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) from the forestry sector. The purpose of this paper is to examine the regulatory, institutional, and policy aspects of forest restoration in Indonesia, as well as the implementation of forest restoration activities in the country. The article was written using a synoptic review approach to Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR)-related articles and national experiences. Failures, success stories, and criteria and indicators for forest restoration success are all discussed. We also discuss the latest silvicultural techniques for the success of the forest restoration program. Restoration governance in Indonesia has focused on the wetland ecosystem such as peatlands and mangroves, but due to the severely degraded condition of many forests, the government has by necessity opted for active restoration involving the planting and establishment of livelihood options. The government has adapted its restoration approach from the early focus on ecological restoration to more forest landscape restoration, which recognizes that involving the local community in restoration activities is critical for the success of forest restoration.

Shorea selanica is one promising meranti species for commercial plantation, forest rehabilitation and reforestation purposes. Caused optimum light intensity for the seedling at nursery is unknown, the research effect some shading intensity on the seedling growth is necessary to be done. This research used completely randomized design of 4 treatments are : N0 = no shading (0%), N1 = shading intensity 55%, N2 = shading intensity 65% and N3 = shading intensity 75%. Each two seedling of S. selanica planted at mini plot (60 cm x 100 cm size) that closed with shading net above them. Each treatment consist 3 replication. The parameter are height and stem diameter, sum of leaf, rate of photosynthesis rapid, fresh and dry weight. Measurement was carried out in each one week, except for fresh and dry weight just carried at the end of this research (six week after planting). This results showed that application with shading intensity 65% gave the best influence for S. selanica seedling growth. The effect is very significant for height and diameter growth, fresh weight and dry weight of S. selanica seedling, with each average are 10,85 cm; 1,113 mm; 12,558 g and 3,463 g. Application sgading intensity 75% showed bad effect for seedling growth, less than no shading application or shading intensity 55%. Its suggested that S. selanica seedling were more tolerant with full sunlight and under storey condition with light intensity about 35%, but light intensity less than 35% will make their growth become slowly.

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui beberapa kondisi lingkungan tempat tumbuh Shorea johorensis Foxw., seperti: persentase intensitas cahaya matahari yang masuk, pH tanah dan ketinggian tempat di areal HPH PT. Aya Yayang Indonesia (PT. AYI). Inventarisasi permudaan S. johorensis dilakukan pada plot pengamatan berukuran 50 m x 50 m yang dibagi menjadi 5 blok/ ulangan (10 m x 50 m) dan di dalamnya terdapat 5 petak (10 m x 10 m). Pada masing-masing petak dibuat petak-petak yang lebih kecil untuk pengamatan permudaan tingkat tiang (10 m x 10 m), pancang (5 m x 5 m) dan semai (2 m x 2 m). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di lokasi pengamatan (PT. AYI), jumlah semai S. johorensis cukup banyak yaitu 28 batang (2.800 anakan/ha), sedangkan pancang 29 batang (464 ha) dan tiang 19 batang (76 batang/ha) atau tergolong sangat miskin. Intensitas cahaya di sekitar permudaan tingkat semai, pancang dan tiang berturut-turut antara 22%-30%, 22%-31% dan 29%-36%. Perbedaan yang tidak jauh antara intensitas cahaya di sekitar semai, pancang dan tiang menunjukkan bahwa penutupan tajuk bagian atas cukup rapat sehingga sedikit sekali sinar matahari yang masuk, baik pada lapisan tengah sampai lapisan bawah hutan. Kondisi tersebut diduga menjadi penghambat pertumbuhan permudaan S. johorensis, yang ditunjukkan jumlah semai yang berlimpah ternyata tidak diimbangi dengan stok permudaan tingkat tiang dan pancang. Diduga keterbatasan intensitas cahaya yang masuk menghambat pertumbuhan pancang dan tiang sehingga menjadi stagnan 11 dan mati. pH tanah di lokasi penelitian berkisar antara 4,18 -4,2 (sangat asam). Pada kondisi demikian S. johorensis masih dapat tumbuh. Permudaan S. johorensis pada lokasi penelitian ditemukan pada ketinggian 300 m dpl.Kata Kunci : Shorea johorensis, kondisi lingkungan tempat tumbuh, intensitas cahaya, pH tanah, tinggi tempat, HPH PT. Aya Yayang Indonesia. I. PENDAHULUANShorea johorensis Foxw merupakan salah satu pohon penghasil kayu meranti merah yang cukup komersial di Indonesia serta mempunyai riap yang tinggi (Sukotjo, 2009). Hasil uji jenis di PT. Sari Bumi Kusuma Kalimantan Tengah dan PT. ITCI Kalimantan Timur menunjukkan bahwa S. johorensis termasuk salah satu jenis dengan pertumbuhan tercepat selain S. leprosula dan S. parvifolia (Hardiyanto, 2006). Saat ini S. johorensis termasuk dalam salah satu dari 7 jenis target yang menjadi unggulan dalam teknik silvikultur intensif (SILIN) karena mempunyai prospek yang baik untuk dikembangkan dalam hutan tanaman meranti di Indonesia. Shorea johorensis di Kalimantan dikenal dengan nama kenuar, kenuwar, majau, langko, merampu dan pelepak. Sedangkan di Sumatera dikenal dengan nama merkuyong (Sukotjo, 2009). Daerah penyebaran jenis ini meliputi Semenanjung Malaysia, Sumatera dan Kalimantan. Di Sumatera hanya terdapat di pantai timur, mulai dari Sumatera Utara sampai Palembang, sedangkan di Kalimantan terdapat di seluruh pulau (Sukotjo, 2009). Sejak terjadi eksploitasi yang cukup intensif terhadap hutan tropis di Kalimantan, maka jumlah dan keberadaan...

No abstract