ABSTRACKThis paper analyzed the people’s practices of citizenship in Central Java during the 1950s using the conceptual frame of social risilience. The notion of risilience had so far been studied in terms of security, food and energy supplies, and social nets on natural disaster risk reduction. Meanwhile, the period of the 1950s in Indonesian history had attracted many studies to focused on political aspects, such as parliamentary system of governance, regionalism and the dreath of economic crises leading to a change in political regimes. During the 1950s the newly independent state of Indonesia had to struggle for physical, political and social infrastructures, partly as the post-Second World War recovery project.This paper showed that, regardless of the difficult situation and limited financial sources, the Indonesian people during the 1950s proved themselves to be risilient. They took an active part in the daily communal life activities. By using historical method in analysing several newspapers of the 1950s, this paper argued that the people’s participation in philantropy programs, social organizations and solidarity movements, significantly formed a strong social tie in the presence of the weak Indonesian State. The people showed a type of citizenship through which a quality of social risilience was performed and contested. However, it was hard to identified the institutional pattern in these practices of citizenship.ABSTRAK Artikel ini mengkaji praktik kewargaan sehari-hari masyarakat Indonesia, khususnya di Jawa, tahun 1950an dalam bingkai ketahanan sosial. Selama ini konsep ketahanan telah dipahami dalam konteks keamanan, ketersediaan pangan dan keberlanjutan energi, dan jaring sosial menghadapi darurat bencana alam. Di sisi lain, kajian tentang periode 1950an dalam sejarah Indonesia terfokus pada aspek politik menyangkut percobaan sistem pemerintahan, isu-isu regionalisme dan krisis ekonomi yang berujung pada pergantian rejim kekuasaan.Artikel ini bermaksud menunjukkan bahwa pada periode 1950an itu, praktik kewargaan sehari-hari masyarakat menunjukkan pola yang jika dibaca dalam konsep kontemporer merupakan bentuk ketahanan sosial masyarakat. Periode 1950an merupakan masa-masa awal kemederdekaan Indonesia dengan kondisi pasca perang yang membutuhkan pembangunan infrastruktur di berbagai bidang. Meskipun demikian, dalam kondisi struktur negara yang masih lemah itu masyarakat membuktikan kemampuan bertahan dan berpartisipasi dalam aneka dimensi kehidupan sehari-hari secara kolektif. Dengan metode sejarah untuk membaca berbagai berita surat kabar tahun 1950an sebagai sumber data primer, artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa praktik kewargaan sehari-hari  dalam bentuk program-program filantropis, perkumpulan sosial dan aksi gerakan sosial merupakan penanda ketahanan kolektif masyarakat dalam menghadapi keadaan tak menentu akibat lemahnya negara ketika itu. Meskipun demikian, praktik kewargaan tersebut cenderung tidak memiliki struktur institusional yang baku.

Learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic requires lecturers to be able to adapt by using online learning platforms. As a result, there are different perceptions of students regarding the effectiveness of each of these platforms. The study aimed to analyze differences in students' perceptions about the effectiveness of using WhatsApp, Google Classroom, and Zoom platforms. This research method uses quantitative methods to measure the level of perception and is combined with qualitative methods to analyze student perception. The data collection method is done by distributing questionnaires through Google forms to students. The analysis used is a quantitative analysis using statistical calculation and qualitative analysis to analyze student perception. The results showed that the difference in perception in WhatsApp and Google Classroom usage was significant with an average difference of 16.933 which means WhatsApp’s perception levels are higher than Google Classroom. The difference in perception in WhatsApp and Zoom usage is significant with an average difference of 15.2 which means WhatsApp's perception level is higher than zoom. The difference in perception in Zoom and Google Classroom usage is insignificant with an average difference of 1.733 which means Zoom’s perception rate is slightly higher than Google Classroom. The study concluded that student perceptions were higher on the WhatsApp Group platform, then zoom, and finally Google Classroom. Online learning should first use the WhatsApp platform, then zoom, and finally Google Classroom.

In online learning, communication is an important part that must be established between teachers and students. The communication that exists in SMA Negeri 1 Rasau Jaya still has various problems such as a lack of responses from students when the teacher delivers the material. In addition, limited smartphone memory storage to download the applications used. The purpose of this study was to analyze the communication between teachers and students in online learning during the Covid-19 period in history subject learning. This research used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected by observation, interviews, and literature studies. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman measurements. The results showed that the communication between teachers and students at SMA Negeri 1 Rasau Jaya was not optimal. This is due to the use of Edmodo which is not all students give a positive response and sometimes there is no response at all, so the learning process becomes less fun and seems boring.Keywords: communication, online learning, pandemic Covid-19

The existence of a factory in an area has an impact, including PT. Karya Sejati, which operates in the rubber sector, has had an impact on the people of the Murung Keramat Village. The purpose of this study was to determine the positive socio-economic impact of the PT. True Work. The method used in this research uses descriptive qualitative. Data obtained through observation, interviews, and various literature. Data analysis refers to Miles and Huberman s technical data analysis. The results of his research show that the rubber factory PT. Karya Sejati has a positive socio-economic impact on society. These impacts includeabsorption of labor thereby reducing the number of unemployed and improving the economy of the surrounding community.

Penelitian ini bertujuan menyusun buku sejarah lokal khusus Yogyakarta untuk SMA/MA. Sejarah lokal telah dirancang oleh Dinas Pendidikan di Propinsi Yogyakarta sebagai mata pelajaran muatan lokal dari tingkat Sekolah Dasar (SD) sampai Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA). Buku sejarah lokal untuk SD dan SMP saat ini sudah disusun, sedangkan untuk SMA/MA belum dilakukan penyusunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun buku sejarah lokal untuk SMA/MA, sehingga dapat digunakan untuk proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan “Penelitian Pengembangan” (Research and Development). Tahapan yang akan dilakukan dalam penelitian ini sesuai yang dikembangkan Borg dan Gall. Hasil penelitian yang diharapkan adalah model buku teks sejarah lokal. Model buku teks sejarah lokal ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan dalam penyusunan buku teks pembelajaran sejarah lokal di propinsi Yogyakarta.Kata kunci: Buku Teks, Sejarah Lokal Yogyakarta, Model