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Purpose of Review The exponential growth of women participating in competitive sports throughout the years was made possible through several initiatives by the International Olympic Committee and the passage and implementation of Title IX as a federal law in the United States. However, this positive trend towards gender equity in sports has not transpired for women in medicine, especially in fields that care for elite athletes. This current review will discuss specific areas that can be tailored to help female athletes prevent injuries and optimize their athletic performance. We will also highlight how increased female team physician representation in sports may help optimize care for female athletes. Recent Findings Female athletes are considered high risk for certain conditions such as ACL tears, patellofemoral pain syndrome, bone stress injuries, sport-related concussions, and sexual violence in sport. Addressing factors specific to female athletes has been found to be valuable in preventing injuries. Strength and conditioning can optimize athletic performance but remains underutilized among female athletes. Although diversity in healthcare workforce has been found to be beneficial for multiple reasons, women remain underrepresented in sports medicine. Increasing female team physician representation may positively impact care for female athletes. Summary Team physicians must understand the physiologic, biomechanical, and anatomic factors that are unique to female athletes in order to tailor injury prevention programs and optimize their athletic performance. Advocating for gender equity in sports medicine to advance representation of women in the field will increase workforce diversity and promote excellence in sports medicine care.

Objective: (1) To examine the effect of social media (SM) use on sleep quality and (2) to determine the effect of SM on competition performance among college athletes. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Two local Division III colleges, MA, USA. Participants: National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III swim and track and field athletes. Intervention: Data were collected onsite through an SM use form, the lifestyle survey, and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Sleep Disturbance Questionnaire. Participants were divided into 3 groups based on their SM volume: (1) less active SM users (#2 h/d), (2) moderately active SM users (.2-#5 h/d), and (3) active SM users (.5 h/d) for analysis. Main Outcome Measures:Sleep quality and sport performance data collected through publicly available competition results. The independent variable, SM volume (hours of SM use per day over 7 days), was collected using the iPhone screen time function. Results: The cohort consisted of 40 male track and field athletes and 47 female track and field (37, 79%) and swimming (10, 21%) athletes. Mean SM use was 4.6 6 3.4 h/d. The sleep quality of active SM users was worse than less active SM users (P 5 0.033). There was an independent association between increased Facebook time and poor performance after adjusting confounders (adjusted odds ratio: 0.990, 95% confidence interval: 0.981-0.999, P 5 0.049). Conclusions: High SM use has a negative impact on sleep quality and may hinder competition performance among college athletes. These findings may have implications for developing SM use guidelines for college athletes to improve their sleep quality and performance.

Purpose of Review The aim of this study is to review the most recent literature on common upper extremity injuries in pediatric athletes and discuss their diagnosis, management, and outcomes. We also highlight ultrasound as a tool in their evaluation. Recent Findings Shoulder conditions presented include little league shoulder, glenohumeral rotation deficit, acute traumatic shoulder dislocation, and multidirectional shoulder instability. Elbow conditions include capitellar OCD, medial epicondyle avulsion fracture, and medial epicondylitis. We also review scaphoid fractures and gymnast wrist. Not all physeal injuries lead to long-term growth disruption. Ultrasound has been shown to be useful in the diagnosis of scaphoid fracture, medial epicondyle avulsion fractures, and capitellar OCD. It can also be helpful in assessing risk for shoulder and elbow injuries in overhead athletes. Summary There is a rising burden of upper extremity injuries among pediatric athletes. Knowledge of their sport specific mechanics can be helpful in diagnosis. As long-term outcome data become available for these conditions, it is clear, proper diagnosis and management are critical to preventing adverse outcomes. We highlight many of these injuries, best practice in care, and controversies in care in hopes of improving outcomes and preventing injury for pediatric athletes.