SummaryBasic skin care (basic therapy) is a mainstay in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, irrespective of disease severity and current disease activity. Consistent application of basic skin care plays a key role in restoring skin barrier function and reducing xerosis as well as pruritus. Moreover, it has been shown that concurrent basic therapy has steroid-sparing effects in acute disease flares. In long-term atopic dermatitis management, the use of basic skin care is associated with prolonged recurrence-free intervals. Recent studies have also demonstrated that early initiation of basic skin therapy has protective effects in infants at risk of developing atopic dermatitis. The present review addresses these topics with a focus on established treatments and new developments.
Zusammenfassung Die Basistherapie stellt eine tragende Säule in der Behandlung der atopischen Dermatitis dar. Sie ist unabhängig vom Schweregrad der Erkrankung in allen Stadien indiziert. Eine konsequente Basistherapie trägt entscheidend zur Wiederherstellung der gestörten Barrierefunktion, zur Reduktion der Xerosis und des Juckreizes bei. Überdies konnte eine Einsparung von topischen Steroiden durch eine gleichzeitig durchgeführte Basistherapie bei akuter atopischer Dermatitis gezeigt werden. Im Langzeitmanagement der Erkrankung führt sie zu einem verlängerten rezidivfreien Intervall. Neuere Studien zeigen einen protektiven Effekt einer früh begonnenen Basistherapie hinsichtlich der Entwicklung einer atopischen Dermatitis. Im folgenden Review sollen diese Aspekte unter Berücksichtigung klassischer Basistherapeutika und neuerer Entwicklungen aufgezeigt werden.
A 55-year-old patient who worked as the operations manager at an aerial cable car facility presented with a one-year history of recurrent painful infl ammation of both auricles. Each episode had lasted several weeks and had clinically been characterized by erythematous swelling of the affected ear with mild scaling as well as a fetid discharge. The patient had not been free of symptoms since the initial onset of lesions. Topical measures initiated by an ENT specialist, who had suspected otitis externa associated with chronic dermatitis of the auditory canal, had not resulted in any lasting improvement. At the same time, the patient had also noticed weight loss, night sweats, fatigue, as well as progressive yet mild hearing loss and infl ammation of both eyes, which had prompted him to present to a rheumatologist. A comprehensive rheumatological workup had revealed no pathological fi ndings, apart from elevated ANA levels, which had been interpreted as a nonspecifi c epiphenomenon. Clinical findings and histologyThe right ear was markedly swollen, tender to pressure, warm, and had an erythematous/violaceous hue; there was mild fi ne-lamellar scaling at the external auditory meatus. On the glabella and along the eyelashes on both sides, there was an ill-defi ned, slightly scaling erythema (Figure 1 a, b). Right submandibular lymphadenopathy was noted. The patient was afebrile. A biopsy was taken from the anthelix of the affected ear (Figure 2 a, b). Laboratory testsA complete blood count with differential, C-reactive protein, and liver and kidney function tests were within normal limits. Serum protein electrophoresis was unremarkable, the ANA titer (1 : 320) was elevated. Fungal and bacterial swabs taken from the affected ear and auditory canal were without pathological fi ndings.
AnamneseEin 55-jähriger Patient, tätig als Betriebsleiter einer Freiluftseilbahn, stellte sich mit seit einem Jahr bestehenden rezidivierenden schmerzhaften Entzündungen beider Ohrmuscheln vor. Diese dauerten über Wochen an. Hierbei präsentiere sich das betroffene Ohr geschwollen und rot mit leichter Schuppung sowie einem fötide riechenden Flüssigkeitsaustritt. Erscheinungsfreiheit habe seit der Erstmanifestation nicht bestanden. Lokaltherapeutische Maßnahmen hätten bei der HNO-ärztlichen Verdachtsdiagnose Otitis externa auf dem Boden eines chronischen Gehörgangekzems keine anhaltende Besserung erbracht. Zeitgleich habe der Patient außerdem Gewichtsverlust, Nachtschweiß, eine Fatiguesymptomatik sowie eine diskrete progressive Hörminderung und Entzün-dung beider Augen bemerkt, woraufhin eine Vorstellung beim Rheumatologen erfolgte. Eine breite rheumatologische Untersuchung zeigte bis auf einen erhöhten ANA-Titer, welcher als unspezifi sches Epiphänomen interpretiert wurde, keine pathologischen Befunde. Klinik und Histologie
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