The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the KDQOL questionnaire to Portuguese were concluded, having been accomplished this important stage for its validation and use in our environment.

The objective of the present study was to translate the Kidney Disease Quality of Life -Short Form (KDQOL-SF™ 1.3) questionnaire into Portuguese to adapt it culturally and validate it for the Brazilian population. The KDQOL-SF was translated into Portuguese and backtranslated twice into English. Patient difficulties in understanding the questionnaire were evaluated by a panel of experts and solved. Measurement properties such as reliability and validity were determined by applying the questionnaire to 94 end-stage renal disease patients on chronic dialysis. The Nottingham Health Profile Questionnaire, the Karnofsky Performance Scale and the Kidney Disease Questionnaire were administered to test validity. Some activities included in the original instrument were considered to be incompatible with the activities usually performed by the Brazilian population and were replaced. The mean scores for the 19 components of the KDQOL-SF questionnaire in Portuguese ranged from 22 to 91. The components "Social support" and "Dialysis staff encouragement" had the highest scores (86.7 and 90.8, respectively). The test-retest reliability and the inter-observer reliability of the instrument were evaluated by the intraclass correlation coefficient. The coefficients for both reliability tests were statistically significant for all scales of the KDQOL-SF (P < 0.001), ranging from 0.492 to 0.936 for test-retest reliability and from 0.337 to 0.994 for inter-observer reliability. The Cronbach's α coefficient was higher than 0.80 for most of components. The Portuguese version of the KDQOL-SF questionnaire proved to be valid and reliable for the evaluation of quality of life of Brazilian patients with end-stage renal disease on chronic dialysis.

OBJECTIVE:To describe the clinical and epidemiological profi le of patients under renal replacement therapies, identifying risk factors for death. METHODS:This is a non-concurrent cohort study of data for 90,356 patients in the National Renal Replacement Therapies Database. A deterministicprobabilistic linkage was performed using the Authorization System for High Complexity/Cost Procedures and the Mortality Information System databases. All patients who started dialysis between 1/1/2000 and 12/31/2004 were included and followed until death or the end of 2004. Age, sex, region of residence, primary renal disease and causes of death were analyzed. A proportional hazards model was used to identify factors associated with risk of death. RESULTS:The prevalence of patients under renal replacement therapies increased an average of 5.5%, while incidence remained stable during the period. Hemodialysis was the predominant initial modality (89%). The patients were majority male with mean age 53 years, residents of the Southeast region and presented unknown causes as the main cause of chronic renal disease, followed by hypertension, diabetes and glomerulonephritis. Of these patients, 42% progressed to death and 7% underwent kidney transplantation. The patients on peritoneal dialysis were older and had higher prevalence of diabetes. The death rate varied from 7% among transplanted patients to 45% among non-transplanted patients. In the fi nal Cox proportional hazards model, the risk of mortality was associated with increasing age, female sex, having diabetes, living in the North and Northeast region, peritoneal dialysis as a fi rst modality and not having renal transplantation. CONCLUSIONS:There was an increased prevalence of patients on renal therapy in Brazil. Increased risk of death was associated with advanced age, diabetes, the female sex, residents of the North and Northeast region and lack of renal transplant.

65 anos, 28% eram diabéticos, e 35,5% (n=32.454) estavam em fila de espera para transplante. Para 2011, o número estimado de pacientes iniciando diálise foi 28.680 (18.972 em 2010) e a taxa anual de mortalidade 19,9% (17,9% para 2010). CONCLUSÕES: Os dados indicam aumento pronunciado da população em diálise no Brasil ao longo dos anos, com tendência a estabilização nos dois últimos anos. As razões para aumento da incidência e mortalidade em 2011 merecem investigação. É grande o número estimado de pacientes em fila de espera para transplante renal. O censo fornece um quadro da situação e tendências da diálise no Brasil, sendo, portanto, útil para orientar alocação de recursos e intervenções que melhorarem a qualidade do tratamento.]]>

Introduction The uptake of the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2012 chronic kidney disease (CKD) Guideline is not fully described in real-world nephrology practice across the world. Methods We used baseline data from the CKD Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (2013–2017), a 4-country cohort of patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 recruited from national samples of nephrology clinics, to describe adherence to measures for monitoring and delaying CKD progression. Data were collected as in clinical practice, except laboratory measures per protocol in France. Results The mean age ranged from 65 years in Brazil to 72 years in Germany. Albuminuria (mostly proteinuria) was measured routinely in 36% to 43% of patients in Brazil, Germany, and the United States. Blood pressure control (≤140/90 mm Hg) ranged from 49% in France to 76% in Brazil; <40% of patients had blood pressure ≤130/80 mm Hg everywhere but Brazil (52%). More than 40% of nephrologists in Brazil reported a systolic blood pressure target ≤130 mm Hg for nondiabetic patients without proteinuria, but only 19% to 24% elsewhere. Prescription of renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors ranged from 52% in the United States to 81% in Germany. Dietary advice was more frequent for salt than protein intake; dietitian visits were uncommon. In nondiabetic patients, achievement of all 3 targets including blood pressure ≤130/80 mm Hg, renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibition, and dietary advice, ranged from 10% in the United States to 32% in Brazil; in treated diabetic patients, this ranged from 6% to 11% after including hemoglobin A1c target. Conclusion Adherence to recommendations to slow CKD progression is low in typical practice settings, and substantial variation among countries for some indicates opportunities for improvement.