The formation of French agent nouns (ANs) involves a large variety of morphological constructions, and particularly of suffixes. In this study, we focus on the semantic counterpart of agentive suffix diversity and investigate whether the morphological variety of ANs correlates with different agentive subtypes. We adopt a distributional semantics approach and combine manual, computational and statistical analyses applied to French ANs ending in -aire, -ant, -eur, -ien, -ier and -iste. Our methodology allows for a large-scale study of ANs and involves both top-down and bottom-up procedures. We first characterize agentive suffixes with respect to their morphosemantic and distributional properties, outlining their specificities and similarities. Then we automatically cluster ANs into distributionally relevant subsets and examine their properties. Based on quantitative analysis, our study provides a new perspective on agentive suffix rivalry in French that both confirms existing claims and sheds light on previously unseen phenomena.
A partir de l'étude des noms déverbaux en-eur, cet article vise à comparer les types nominaux agent et instrument. Ces deux types ont en commun de comporter à la fois une composante descriptive ontologique (animés vs artefacts) et une composante fonctionnelle, correspondant à la prédication verbale sous-jacente, elle-même issue de la base morphologique. Nous montrons cependant que le rapport d'hybridation entre composantes ontologique et fonctionnelle n'est pas le même pour les deux types de noms, et concluons que la dimension ontologique détermine dans chaque cas la portée de la composante fonctionnelle.
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