No abstract

Arabica coffee is one of the plantation commodities that has an important role in Indonesia’s economic activities. Arabica coffee as one of the leading export commodities that contributes to the country’s foreign exchange. However, in reality the rate of growth in the value and volume of imports is greater than the growth of exports. This study aims to identify the problems of traditional Arabica coffee farmers in Indonesia. The results of a journal review show that some of the problems of smallholder farmers in Indonesia are low productivity, low farmer skills and knowledge, inadequate land use and climate, inadequate transportation facilities and infrastructure, coffee farming capital, market uncertainty and unstable selling prices, so that a strategy is needed to reduce and overcome these problems in order to improve the welfare of coffee farmers. The active role of the government is expected to be able to issue consistent policies to increase the competitiveness of Arabica coffee.

Smallholder plantations in South Sulawesi province produce an average of 12.50% of Indonesia’s Arabica coffee, equivalent to 20.10 thousand tons per year. In 2015 Arabica coffee produced by community plantations in the province reached 20.35 thousand. One of the largest Arabica coffee production centers in South Sulawesi province is in North Toraja Regency, in 2017 it gave a production share of 10.37% or a total production of 2.11 thousand tons. However, the current problem in North Toraja Regency is the low purchase value of collectors who come directly to farmers’ gardens and appreciate the Arabica coffee of Rp. 18,000 / liter which still has epidermis, if converted to kilograms requires around 2.1 liters, which if the total is only Rp. 36,000 / kg. This study aims to formulate the lowest unit price policy for Arabica coffee in the North Toraja regency which is used as a reference for the average selling price of Arabica coffee (actual price). This research was conducted in North Toraja Regency, South Sulawesi province using purposive informants, which were analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The results showed that the lowest unit price of the coffee commodity can be formulated in the amount of Rp. 28,000 / liter by increasing the price received by farmers by Rp. 10,000, by considering prices at the level of traders and companies so that they continue to provide benefits for each marketing institution. This policy will have an impact on increasing the productivity and welfare of coffee farmers so that the sustainability of coffee commodity farming in Indonesia is increasing.

Price to Book Value is a form of scale assessment that measures Shareholder’s wealth. The purpose of research is to test and analyze the influence of  Return on Assets, Debt to Equity Ratio and Earning Per Share against Price to Book Value on Banking Company registered on Indonesia Stock Exchange on the period 2015-2018. Theory used are the theories that have a relation with Return on Assets, Debt to Equity Ratio and Earning Per Share against Price to Book Value. This research Using quantitative approaches with types of descriptive research and the nature of research Explanatory. The population of this research is 43 registered companies in IDX. Sample of This study as many as 28 companies where samples were obtained from the process purposive Sampling that meets certain criteria. Research results can be concluded that The simultaneous Return on Assets, Debt to Equity Ratio and Earning Per Share are influential Against Price to Book Value with a signed value (0.002 < 0.05). Partial Return on Assets affect Price to Book Value while Debt to Equity Ratio and Earning Per Share has no effect on Price to Book Value.

Characteristics of farmers show the performance of farmers in running better and more sustainable farming. This study aims to analyze farmer characteristics’ effect on Arabica coffee farmers’ performance in North Toraja Regency. This study used a survey method with a quantitative descriptive approach. This research was conducted in North Toraja Regency on March 2022. The effect of farmer characteristics on farmer performance was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. Investigating the impact of farmer characteristics on farmer performance, it was found that farmer characteristics (gender, age, education, farming experience, family responsibilities, and income) had a positive influence on farmer performance.