Sedimentation caused by degradation and deforestation is a major environmental problem around Citarum river, one of the river in Indonesia. Environmental preservation by initiating community forests is the best solution to overcome this problem. Empowerment is not just to stop environmental damage but must pay attention to efforts to conserve the environment in sustainable development in ecological, economic, and socio-cultural aspects. Empowerment is directed at increasing community independence which leads to a willingness to develop awareness, knowledge and skills for welfare. Community forest is a community empowerment program based on economy and environmental conservation implemented by the Bening Sanguling Foundation. The purpose of this research was to analyse the assets and the proses of community empowerment. The research method used is qualitative using a case study approach. Data were collected through observation and interview technique. The informants consisted of two program managers and three program participants. Data obtained then analysed by procedures of data collecting, data reducing, data display, and conclusion. The result of this research indicated that community forests emphasize the importance of ecological conservation without leaving the socio-economic interests of local communities. This program is implemented through three efforts, namely enabling, empowering and protecting. the assets utilized are human, social, physical, financial, and environmental assets. The conclusion obtained from this study was that empowerment process could create an independent community in looking for family livelihood and prosperity.

This research is motivated by efforts to increase the entrepreneurial skills of students through agribusiness activities in the framework of empowerment. Pondok pesantren is the oldest non-formal educational institution in Indonesia which is engaged in the religious sector. The learning model is packaged flexibly and is not diploma oriented. This boarding school is oriented towards developing the entrepreneurial spirit of the santri with the ultimate goal so that the students can open a business unit and be independent. This study describes the implementation of empowerment of students through agribusiness activities related to the input, process, and impact of empowerment. This research uses qualitative methods with interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The research findings show that: (1) input for empowerment, namely students, natural resources, curriculum, capital / funds, and partnerships; (2) the empowerment process is carried out through several stages, namely (1) business training; (2) capitalization; (3) assistance; and (4) marketing; (3) the impact of empowerment which is carried out, namely the number of santri alumni of Islamic boarding schools who are independent and able to explore through the management of idle land into agricultural, livestock and fishery areas in increasing the income assets of the formed business groups.

Sunscreen lotion is used to prevent the skin from ultraviolet radiation, which can cause various diseases, such as acne, burning, redness, swelling, wrinkling, and skin cancer. Natural sunscreen lotions contain chemical compounds that have relatively long conjugated double bonds or the presence of hydroxyl groups. The result of the maceration of Artocarpus heterophyllus bark produced ethanol and methanol extracts, based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry characterization, both extracts contained straight and cyclic chain compounds which had conjugated double bonds. The number of double-bonded compounds in ethanol extract is more than in methanol extract. Sun protection factor (SPF) value of ethanol extract lotion formula is greater than SPF value of methanol extract lotion formula, the SPF value ethanol extract lotion formula at concentration 2; 2.5; 5; 7.5; and 12% were consecutive: 29.801 ± 0.224; 32.797 ± 0.161; 33.808 ± 0.165; 34.580 ± 0.295; and 35.015 ± 0.169, (SPF value of negative control: 0.435 ± 0.2839 and positive control, 31 ± 0.0284). SPF value of methanol extract lotion formula for concentration 2; 2.5; 5; 7.5; and 12% was 14.407 ± 0.010; 26.549 ± 0.476; 30.274 ± 0.208; 32.031 ± 0.302; and 31.942 ± 0.324. Each extract SPF value is higher than the SPF value of the lotion formula. The result of testing the physical properties of the lotion formula shows that the lotion type is o/w, the lotion viscosity ranges from 2450 cP to 4780.0 cP meet Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) standards. The pH test results ranged from 6.020 to 7.845 meets SNI. The spreading power of the lotion ranges from 4.70 to 6.75 cm. The adhesive strength of the lotion ranges from 16 to 41 s.