Direct seeded rice (DSR) is one of the options to reduce CH4 emission because it uses less water during initial cropping but it sometimes has side effects such as increasing N2O emissions. The trade-off N2O and CH4 production in rice soils makes a real challenge to reduce the gas production. Nonetheless, few studies have observed the effect of DSR to GHG emission. This study aims to investigate the option of agriculture strategy used to reduce GHG emission without any yield loss through DSR. The study was conducted during rainy season at experimental field of Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute (IAERI), Central Java, Indonesia. We compared the emission of CH4 and N2O, yield and yield components that affected by DSR and TPR practices. Total CH4 emission in TPR was from 352 kg ha−1 season−1 and, it ranged from 187 kg ha−1 season−1 in the DSR. The CH4 emissions were 47% lower for DSR than for TPR during a rice growing season. No significant differences were observed among crop establishments on N2O emissions. GWP were reduced by 46.4% under DSR compare to TPR. Crop-establishment did not influence grain yield, indicating the potential of DSR as alternative methods of establishing lowland rice with low GHG emissions.

Pengairan dan pemupukan merupakan dua faktor yang sangat penting dalam mempengaruhi hasil padi serta proses pembentukan gas rumah kaca (CH 4 dan N 2 O) di lahan sawah tanah mineral. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pengairan, pemupukan, dan penghambat nitrifikasi (NI) terhadap emisi gas rumah kaca di lahan sawah tanah mineral telah dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian, Jakenan pada MK 2011. Perlakuan menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi dalam rancangan acak kelompok dan ulangan 3 kali. Petak utama adalah pengelolaan air, yaitu: pengairan terus-menerus (I1) dan pengairan terputus (I2), sedangkan anak petak adalah pemupukan, yaitu: kontrol (P1), NPK 25% (P2), NPK 50% (P3), NPK 75% (P4), NPK 100% (P5) dan NPK 100% + NI (P6). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengairan terputus mampu menekan emisi CH 4 sebesar 60% sehingga Global Warming Potential (GWP) juga menurun, tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil gabah, dan meningkatkan indeks emisi 34%. Pemupukan NPK meningkatkan emisi CH 4 181% dan N 2 O 7%, meningkatkan hasil gabah 116%, dan indeks emisi 29%. Penggunaan NI menurunkan emisi N 2 O 21%, tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil gabah, dan meningkatkan indeks emisi 29 %. Berdasarkan data tersebut maka pengairan terputus yang dikombinasikan dengan NPK 100%+NI merupakan teknologi mitigasi terbaik dalam meningkatkan hasil padi dan menurunkan emisi GRK di lahan sawah tanah mineral.

The use of botanical insecticide is one of the ways to reduce the negative impact on the agricultural environment due to chemical insecticide applications. Some plants have been identified as botanical insecticide such as Azadirachta indica (Neem), Swietenia mahagoni (Mahagony), Aegle marmelos (Maja fruit), etc. This study was conducted as a part of the demonstration farm located in the swamp rice field in South Kalimantan. The objective of the study was to increase the swamp rice yield by controlling plant pests and disease based on local resources environment friendly. The plot experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three treatments and six replications and the plot size wase 1.000 m2. The treatments consisted of fully RAISA technology (T1 treatment), RAISA + IAERI botanical insecticide (T2 treatment), and RAISA + Galam botanical insecticide (T3 treatment). The result showed that the highest yield rice was produced in T2 treatment (6.5 t ha−1 unhusked dry rice), then T3 and T1 treatments were 5.5 and 5.1 t ha−1 unhusked dry rice, respectively. The highest amount of insect was found at T1 treatment, followed T2 and T3 treatments, respectively.

Intensively cultivated rice field is one of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) contributors to the atmosphere. Soil cultivation of Gogorancah or Direct-Seeded Rice (DSR) has been introduced to save water and reduce GHG emissions from rice field because rice plants grow under aerobic condition after seed germination. This study aims to evaluate GHG emissions, yield component and rice yield to different planting methods: Transplanted Rice (TPR) and DSR. The study was carried out at farmer’s field namely D. Waru, Adiwerna and K. Banteng Sub District in Tegal District, Central Java. The closed chamber method with the unit consisted of a cubic chamber (50 × 50 × 100 cm) and a frame base (50 × 50 × 15 cm), and gas chromatography (GC) was used to determine the nitrous oxide (N2O) and CH4 fluxes. The results showed that the DSR increased yield components and reduced CH4 emissions. The DSR could significantly increase grain yield than TPR at D. Waru and K. Banteng approximately 26 and 49%, respectively. The DSR could be an option for reducing global warming potential (GWP) and maintaining rice yield. However, further studies are needed to identify suitable management practices for reducing both CH4 and N2O emissions without any trade-off.

In rice cultivation, farmers tend to use chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The prolonged intensive use of agrochemicals can decrease soil quality. Chemical pesticides can be replaced with biopesticides to maintain and improve soil fertility, also to prevent the attack of plant-disturbing organisms on crops. The aim of this study was to determine the total population abundance of soil bacteria and soil quality after the application of biopesticides in the swampland in Jejangkit District. This research was accomplished in Jejangkit District, Barito Kuala Regency, South Kalimantan, which started from June to December 2019. The study used a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three treatments and six replications. The treatments are Super Intensive and Actual Swamp (RAISA), Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute’s (IAERI) Biopesticide, Galam Biopesticide. The variety of rice used is Inpara 2. The plot size is 900 m2 by applying the Jarwo Planting system. The results revealed that the application of biopesticides could increase the total population of soil bacteria from 104 to 106 cfu mL−1. Moreover, N and P nutrient content increase from low to moderate (0.19 to 0.4) % and (13.25 to 38.87) mg P2O5 100g−1, respectively.