ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: PandemiCovid-19 yang sedang terjadi disebabkan oleh adanya proses mutasi dari virus SARS-CoV menjadi sangat infeksius, pasien dalam masa inkubasi dan asimptomatis dapat menyebarkan virus. Penggunaan masker menjadi kebijakan yang telah diterapkan hampir diseluruh dunia (universal masking), salah satunya masker kain untuk masyarakat umum. Tujuan: Ketidakpastian seputar efektivitas dan dampak masker kain buatan sendiri pada transmisi Covid-19, maka tim penulis akan memberikan tinjauan terkait efektivitas penggunaan berbagai jenis masker. Metode: Proses tinjauan dilakukan dengan mencari berbagai artikel melalui basis data sejak Juli -Agustus 2020. Pencarian diperoleh dari berbagai basis data seperti: PUBMED, MEDLINE, CINAHL, dan Google Scholar dengan rentang publikasi artikel antara tahun 2010-2020. Tidak ada upaya dari penulis untuk mencari secara spesifik artikel-artikel tidak terpublikasi. Kata kunci yang digunakan adalah "mask and COVID-19 DAN "utility and mask and COVID-19" DAN "effectiveness. Hasil: Masker N95 dan masker bedah memiliki efektifitas di atas 90%. Jenis masker kain yang dianjurkan adalah masker kain 3 lapis (lapisan dalam dari bahan penyerap seperti kapas, lapisan tengah dari bahan bukan tenunan seperti polypropylene, dan lapisan luar dari bahan non-penyerap, seperti campuran poliester atau poliester). Penggunaan masker pada anak-anak harus dibawah pengawasan, berbagai studi melaporkan adanya potensi gangguan pernafasan pada anak bila menggunakan masker.
Various psychological disorders have been reported and published during the Covid-19 outbreak, one of which is stress. Stress is not only felt by the community, even health workers and everyone who works in the medical field. Psychological disorders have a wider and longer-lasting impact compared to physical injuries, while attention to mental health is far less. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide clinical evidence and input for increasing vigilance and self-management to avoid stress during the Covid-19 pandemic. A total of 10 articles from various databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, NIH, CDC, and Science Direct involving 5925 health workers and 8770 people from various countries have been reported in this systematic review. Factors causing stress on health workers include: workload, fear of being infected with Covid-19, negative stigma of a virus carrier and being away from the family. Factors causing stress to society include: alcohol consumption, workload from home, income, sex, food limitations, and fears of being infected.
Background: Stunting has dire consequences for children's health in the short term which can decrease cognitive, motor and verbal abilities, increase morbidity and even mortality. Nutrition intervention is absolutely necessary in efforts to reduce and prevent stunting. Purpose this study is to identify nutrition interventions in handling and preventing stunting in Asia. Methods: This search was conducted from September to October 2019, through various databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL. Article inclusion criteria: randomized controlled trial, retrospective, observational study, case study, review, systematc review, and meta-analysis. Results: The review results show that in Asia there were 8 specific nutrition programs and 9 sensitive nutrition programs. Conclusion: Interventions for sensitive and specific nutrition programs have been shown to reduce the incidence of stunting and address the long-term effects of stunting in various countries in Asia, but the programming and implementation can be arranged according to country needs and conditions.
kejadian pre-eklampsia pada ibu hamil. Sebanyak 9 artikel dipilih untuk dilakukan meta-analisis. Penelitian ini menggunakan akronim PICO. Population: ibu hamil; Intervention: stres ibu hamil; Comparison: ibu hamil tidak stres; Outcome: pre-eklampsia. Data diperoleh dari database diantaranya yaitu PubMed, Springer Link, Science direct, dan Google Scholar. Data dianalisis menggunakan RevMan 5.3. Terdapat 9 artikel dari tahun 2017 hingga 2020, menggunakan desain penelitian case-control dengan total sampel 4,648 cases dan 7,054 controls dari Canada, Sudan, California, Colombia, Ethiopia, dan London yang telah dilakukan tinjauan sistematis dan meta-analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ibu hamil yang memiliki tingkat stress tinggi berisiko untuk mengalami pre-eklampsia sebesar 4.29 kali dibandingkan dengan ibu hamil yang tidak mengalami stres, dan secara statistik signifikan (aOR= 4.29; 95% CI= 2.29 hingga 8.05; p< 0.001).
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