The aim of this study was to analyze human sperm motility, viability, and morphology before and after cryopreservation. This true laboratory experimental study had pre and post randomized one group design. The study was conducted at the Embryology, Andrology, and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga from August to November 2017. The eighteen samples of fresh semen were collected from male volunteers who agreed and signed the informed consent of the study. Samples were analyzed their motility, viability, and morphology before and after cryopreservation. Results of this study indicated differentiation between motility before and after cryopreservation. Cryopreservation process decreased progressive motility (42.22 + 9.46%; 17.83 + 6.24%; p< 0.0001) and increased the number of immotile spermatozoa (35.44 + 10.15%; 60.11 + 12.53%; p< 0.0001). Cryopreservation also decreased human sperm viability (73.78 + 8.91%; 40.83 + 12.89%; p< 0.0001) and morphology (10.94 + 4.96%; 7.39 + 3.90%; p< 0.0001). Cryopreservation of human spermatozoa caused the decreased of motility, viability, and morphology.

Reproductive health is a major concern for workers constantly exposed to chemicals at work, especially in developing countries. The problems mainly stemmed from chronic exposure to the chemicals contained in paint thinner, which is mainly toluene, used during automobile painting. Unfortunately, in Indonesia, there is no study on the reproductive health of male workers in automobile workshops, especially in relation to spermatogenesis. This study aimed to explore the possibility of reproductive problems, namely spermatozoa DNA fragmentation, among male workers in an automobile workshop in Malang. We recruited workers who have worked as automobile painters for years at an automobile workshop in Malang and have been chronically exposed to thinner. Semen samples were collected from 15 automobile workshop workers who were married and had children. Twelve office workers were used as the control group. The two groups of semen samples were tested with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay combined with propidium iodide and analyzed by flow cytometry. The results showed a significant difference between DNA fragmentation of the control group and workshop workers at 14.9% and 47.66%, respectively. Risk factor analysis showed a significant increase in risk factors ( p = 0.001). Taken together, chronic exposure to paint thinner in those engaged in painting at the automobile workshop increased the risk of DNA fragmentation in spermatozoa. Our study highlighted the importance of health education for the risked workers on minimization of exposure, which could be recommended to the health policy makers.

Introduction: Allethrin is an active ingredient used in anti-mosquito drugs. Allethrin enters the body through inhalation, allegedly can disrupt the quality of spermatozoa by decreasing its amount, motility, viability and morphology. Many studies suggested that with sufficient intake of vitamin C and E would be able to minimize free radicals caused by allethrin. This study aims to investigate the effect of giving antioxidant vitamin C and E on spermatozoa quality of white rat (Rattus norvegicus) strain Wistar male with allethrin exposure.Methods: This research was a post-test design randomized control group design using Rattus novergicus male strains Wistar exposed to allethrin (LPB IPB veterinary stem cell). A total of 16 white rat strains Wistar male divided into 4 groups, one control group (without any treatment) and 3 treatment groups (given antioxidant vitamin C, vitamin E and both). The exposure of mosquito coils was performed 8 hours per day for 45 days and on the 46th day, spermatozoa was observed. The data were analyzed using ANOVA one way and BNT.Results: The results showed that treatment with vitamins affected the amount, motility and viability of rat spermatozoa exposed to allethrin. The mean amount of control group spermatozoa and treatment was 14,93, the mean spermatozoa motility control and treatment groups were 45,13 and the mean spermatozoa viability of control and treatment groups was 58,88. This is shown by the real difference between the control group and the treatment (p <0,05). Similarly, in the control group found morphological abnormalities.Conclusion: Exposure of mosquito coils 8 hours/day for 45 days decreased the spermatozoa quality. Overall, the admission of antioxidant vitamin C and E are able to maintain the quality of spermatozoa instead of one type of vitamin.

Hypospadias is a congenital defect in which the opening of the urethra is located on the ventral side of the penis proximal to the tip of the glans penis. The cause of hypospadias is still not clear and believed to have several factors. Hypospadias occurs due to disruption of urethral fold fusion at the 8 th -15 th week in the uterus which is influenced by dihydrotestosterone. Hypospadias can cause a disorder of sex development according to the conditions. A case of proximal hypospadias was reported to occur in a 10-year-old twin boy accompanied by undescended testis causing a disorder of sex development. For this case, various examinations were carried out along with evaluations to establish the diagnosis, the cause, the treatment plan, and the necessary evaluation.

ABSTRAK