Objective: The study aimed to measure achievement of the national program of cervical and breast cancer screening in Indonesia after 12 years implementation and factors associated with the number of the screening. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytic analysis. Secondary data was collected from Directorate of Non Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health. Results: From 2007 to 2018, the program was implemented in all 34 provinces, at 51% primary health centers (PHC) with 3 providers each. Total women aged 30-50 years screened was 3,664,625 (9.8% of the target). The number rose gradually from 2007 to 2014, with significant increase from 2015 to 2018. Bali province had the highest coverage (31%) and Papua had the lowest (1%). We found a wide disparity of coverage among provinces. There was 3.4% of VIA-positive, 16.1% was treated with cryotherapy, 1.3 per 1,000 of suspected cervical cancer, 5,4% lump in the breast, and 0.7 per 1,000 suspected breast cancer. Factors associated with number of the screening were number of PHC providing screening, number of GP, total provider, number of NCD post, number of Village with NCD Post, and income of the province. Conclusion: The cervical and breast cancer screening program was running in all provinces in more than half of primary health centers in Indonesia. National coverage (9.8%) was far below the target and varied widely among provinces. Number of PHC with screening services, number of GP, number of total provider, number of NCD post, number of Village with NCD Post, and income of the province have association with cervical and breast cancer screening.

Some previous studies suggested pros and cons regarding the correlation between investment and economic growth. The study is to determined if investment in Indonesia has a positive influence on the economic growth in Indonesia. This study uses a Vector Auto Regression/ VAR. Variables used in this study include economic growth, investment growth, export growth and import growth. The calculations show that investment growth and export growth has a positive effect on economic growth, whereas import growth has a negative effect on economic growth in Indonesia. These results indicate that the driver of economic growth is investment and exports. Thus, the government must create a climate to increase the role of investment in economic growth.   Beberapa kajian terdahulu menyatakan adanya pro dan kontra mengenai korelasi antara investasi dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Hipotesis yang ingin dibuktikan dalam kajian ini adalah investasi di Indonesia memiliki pengaruh yang positif dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Vector Auto Regression (VAR). Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini antara lain pertumbuhan ekonomi, pertumbuhan investasi, pertumbuhan ekspor dan pertumbuhan impor. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan investasi dan pertumbuhan ekspor memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, sebaliknya pertumbuhan impor memiliki pengaruh negative terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa pendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi adalah investasi dan ekspor. Dengan demikian pemerintah harus menciptakan iklim untuk meningkatkan peran investasi dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi.

Cervical cancer is the second commonest cancer among females in Indonesia. The Global Burden of Disease 2017 study provides the comprehensive estimates of all diseases, including cervical cancer. This study was aimed to give overview of burden of cervical cancer at national and provincial level in Indonesia from 1990 to 2017. This was descriptive study using the GBD 2017 results for cervical cancer incidence, prevalence, deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and risk factors. Cervical cancer incidence in Indonesia rose slightly (17%) from 7.4 to 8.7 per 100,000 women. Prevalence rate rose 20.8% in the same period, from 43.3 to 52.4 per 100,000. Meanwhile, death rate was almost same from, 3.3 and 3.7 per 100.000 respectively. DALYs of cervical cancer increased significantly from 211,616 to 303,308. At provincial level, in 2017 the highest prevalence rate and incidence rate were in North Maluku and West Papua. The lowest were in the North Kalimantan and North Sumatera. Incidence rate and death rate of cervical cancer rose from age of 30-34 and peaked at 95+. Meanwhile, prevalence rate and DALYs rate started at age of 25-29 and steadily high at age of 44. Risk factors contributed to cervical cancer were unsafe sex and tobacco.

Background: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the leading risk factor of cervical cancer. World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended including HPV vaccination in national immunization programs in all countries. Specifically, Jakarta Province has been implementing HPV vaccination since 2016. In this case, several factors influence vaccination coverage. However, there is limited evidence about determinants associated with HPV vaccination. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the factors associated with HPV vaccination among elementary students in Central Jakarta.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from March until June 2020. The study population involved 167 female students of the 6th level of the elementary school in Central Jakarta. There were eight elementary schools in Kemayoran and Cempaka Putih Sub Districts selected purposively. Primary data was collected employing an online questionnaire, which was fulfilled by respondents (mothers and students). Data were analyzed utilizing statistic software for descriptive and bivariate analysis. For the bivariate analysis, Chi-Square Test was performed.Results: The HPV vaccination coverage was 80.84%. It was also showed that the last education level of the respondents’ father and mother was mainly senior high school (SMA) for 50.3% and 47.9%, respectively. The mothers’ knowledge was mainly in the middle (56.9%), and they had a positive attitude/support (67.1%). There were only 2.4% of the respondents with a family history of cervical cancer. In terms of family economic status, the main part of respondents had low expenditure for 2-3 million IDR (59.3%) a month. Meanwhile, human resources (vaccination providers) and HPV vaccine were 100% available in the vaccination service. Of the respondent, 47.9% of those said that the vaccine price was affordable. Children who had no support to get HPV vaccination from their father, mother, and siblings were 14.4%, 6.6%, and 21.6%, respectively. Besides, children who were not supported by their teachers was 3.6% and not supported by their peers was 23.4%. Meanwhile, father and mother’s supports were significantly associated with HPV vaccination.Conclusions: Factors associated with HPV vaccination were the support from the father and mother.

Latar Belakang: Skrining kesehatan tertentu meliputi Inspeksi Visual dengan Asam Asetat (IVA), Pap Smear, krioterapi, dan pemeriksaan gula darah termasuk pogram deteksi dini penyakit tidak menular.  Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat telah melaksanakan program skrining tersebut sejak 2010. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengatahui gambaran program skinning kesehatan di Kota Bogor dari sisi sumber daya manusia, peralatan, dan capaian skrining. Metode: Desain penelitian cross sectional. Sumber data berasal dari Dinas Kesehatan dan Puskesmas di Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat. Tempat penelitian di Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat, dilaksanakan pada Februari –November 2018. Seluruh 25 Puskesmas se-Kota Bogor menjadi populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif-kuantitatif dan analisis komparatif. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata SDM per Puskesmas untuk IVA, gula daraah, dan krioterapi adalah masing-masing 4,5 orang, 2,4 orang, dan 0,3. Belum ada SDM Pap smear. Rata-rata peralatan per Puskesmas untuk IVA (meja ginekologi) 1,08, speculum 10,3, Pap smear 0,28, krioterapi 0,32, dan gula darah 1,08. Capaian skrining IVA sebesar17,4% dari targettahun 2018. Rata-rata pemeriksaan IVA 890 per Puskesmas, krioterapi 4,9, pemeriksaan gula darah 837. Tidak ada pemeriksaan Pap smear. Hasil analisis komparatif menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan rata-rata pemeriksaan IVA antarkecamatan di Kota Bogor Kesimpulan: SDM dan peralatan skrining IVA dan gula darah tesedia di semua Puskesmas, tetapi tidak untuk krioterapi dan Pap smear, capaian skrining IVA lebih rendah dari target, semua Puskesmas melakukan pemeriksaan IVA, krioterapi, dan gula darah tetapi tidak ada Pap smear. Tidak ada perbedaan rata-rata pemeriksaan IVA antar kecamatan.