Keluarga merupakan unit masyarakat terkecil yang dapat sangat beresiko lebih cepat dalam penularan penyakit TB. Kasus TB anak di antara kasus baru Tuberkulosis Paru di kota Tangerang Selatan yang tercatat sebesar 8,33% menduduki peringkat ke-3 di Provinsi Banten menunjukkan bahwa penularan kasus Tuberkulosis Paru BTA Positif kepada anak cukup besar. Sedangkan angka kematian akibat penyakit TB selama pengobatan sebanyak 19 orang (sama dengan jumlah kematian TB di Kabupaten Serang)  menduduki peringkat 4 di provinsi Banten. Salah satu upaya pencegahan penularan TB melalui kontak antar anggota keluarga adalah dengan melakukan edukasi tentang penyakit TB dalam hal gejala, penularan dan pencegahan penyakit TB melalui PHBS (Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat) melalui media poster maupun leaflet serta Pemberian Makanan Tambahan (PMT) dan masker kepada keluarga pasien TB di Kelurahan Bambu Apus, Kecamatan Pamulang, Kota Tangerang Selatan. Hasil kegiatan ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan responden tentang peningkatan pengetahuan penyakit TB (71,4%), mekanisme penularan penyakit TB (71,4%), pengobatan penyakit TB (80%) dan cara pencegahan TB dengan PHBS (100%) dengan rata-rata total peningkatan pengetahuan sebesar 80,7%. Diharapkan peningkatan kualitas hidup bersih dan sehat dalam upaya pencegahan penularan TB akan semakin meningkat untuk kualitas hidup yang lebih baik dalam bidang kesehatan.

ABSTRACT Pulmonary tuberculosis is a contagious disease that is still a problem in the world of health until now. Pulmonary tuberculosis attacks the lungs caused by Mycrobacterium tuberculosis. Indonesia is included in a country with a high burden of tuberculosis, ranking 4th as a contributor to tuberculosis after India, China and South Africa.This study aims to determine internal risk factors that can cause pulmonary tuberculosis in the Dhuafa population. This type of research is analytical with a case control Study. The sample study was divided into case and control samples totaling 30 people with pulmonary tuberculosis and 30 people non-pulmonary tuberculosis. Univariate data were analyzed descriptively and bivariate data were analyzed by Chi-Square test with a 95% confidence level. The results of this studied showed that the risk factors that was the caused of the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the work area of ​​Bambu Apus Health Center were a household contact with patient pulmonary tuberculosis. (OR: 3.5; 95% CI: 1.112-11,017; p = 0.028) and habit of smoking family at home (OR: 4,333; 95% CI: 1,203-15,605; p = 0,020). The education level and occupancy density were variables that have no relationship with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the work area of ​​Bambu Apus Health Center. Keywords: Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Risk Factors, Dhuafa

Latar belakang: Jakarta merupakan salah satu kota metropolitan yang mengalami penurunan kualitas udara. Salah satu komponen udara yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan adalah Particulat Matter 2,5 (PM2,5). Berdasarkan data Air Quality Index pada Oktober 2019, kualitas udara Jakarta setara dengan konsentrasi PM2,5 sebesar 87,9 µg/m3 yang melebihi ambang batas yaitu 65 µg/m3. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis risiko non-karsinogenik akibat paparan PM2,5 di sekitar tempat-tempat umum kota Jakarta.Metode: Penelitian ini berupa penelitian deskriptif menggunakan studi Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL) untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko atau Risk Quotient (RQ) pajanan PM2,5 pada radius 0-20 meter setiap lokasi. Jika nilai RQ>1 maka dikategorikan tidak aman, sedangkan nilai RQ≤1 dikategorikan aman.Hasil: Konsentrasi PM2,5 di semua lokasi secara rata-rata masih di bawah baku mutu. Tingkat risiko pajanan PM2,5 berdasarkan perhitungan asupan atau intakedibandingkan dengan hasil analisis dosis-respon rata-rata dikategorikan aman terutama di masjid dan taman kota. Sedangkan di lokasi lainnya memiliki tingkat risiko pajanan yang dikategorikan tidak aman pada radius 10 meter dari pintu masuk stasiun, titik awal di pintu masuk terminal, dan radius 10 meter dari pintu gerbang sekolah yang memiliki nilai RQ>1 tertinggi.Simpulan: Beberapa tempat umum masih memiliki risiko tidak aman akibat pajanan PM2,5 terhadap gangguan kesehatan, sehingga strategi pengelolaan diperlukan untuk menurunkan risiko gangguan kesehatan pada masyarakat dan peningkatan kualitas udara. ABSTRACTTitle: Health Risks Assessmet for Non-Carcinogenic PM2,5 Exposure in Public Places in JakartaBackground: Jakarta is a metropolitan city that has experienced a decline in air quality. One component of air that is harmful is Particulat Matter 2,5 (PM2,5). Based on Air Quality Index data in October 2019, Jakarta's air quality is equivalent to a PM2,5 oncentration of 87,9 μg/m3 which exceeds the threshold of 65 μg / m3. The purpose of this study is to analyze the non-carcinogenic risk due to PM2,5 exposure around public places in the city of Jakarta.Method: This research is a descriptive study using the Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) study method to determine the level of risk or Risk Quotient (RQ) of PM2.5 exposure at 0-20 meters in each location.. If the value of RQ> 1 is categorized as unsafe, while the value of RQ≤1 is categorized as safe.Result: PM2.5 concentrations in all locations were on average still below the quality standard. The level of risk of PM2.5 exposure based on the calculation of intake or intake compared with the results of the average dose-response analysis is considered safe in mosques and park. Meanwhile, other locations have an exposure risk level that is categorized as unsafe at a radius of 10 meters from the station entrance, the starting point at the terminal entrance, and a radius of 10 meters from the school gate that has the highest RQ>1.Conclusion: Some public places still have an insecure risk due to PM2.5 exposure to health problems, so management strategies are needed to reduce the risk of health problems in the community and increasing air quality. ABSTRACTTitle: Health Risks Assessmet for Non-Carcinogenic PM2,5 Exposure in Public Places in JakartaBackground:Jakarta is a metropolitan city that has experienced a decline in air quality. One component of air that is harmful is Particulat Matter 2,5 (PM2,5). Based on Air Quality Index data in October 2019, Jakarta's air quality is equivalent to aPM2,5 oncentration of 87,9 μg/m3 which exceeds the threshold of 65 μg / m3. The purpose of this study is to analyze the non-carcinogenic risk due to PM2,5 exposure around public places in the city of Jakarta.Method: This research is a descriptive study using the Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) study method to determine the level of risk or Risk Quotient (RQ) of PM2.5 exposure at 0-20 meters in each location.. If the value of RQ> 1 is categorized as unsafe, while the value of RQ≤1 is categorized as safe.Result:PM2.5 concentrations in all locations were on average still below the quality standard. The level of risk of PM2.5 exposure based on the calculation of intake or intake compared with the results of the average dose-response analysis is considered safe in mosques and park. Meanwhile, other locations have an exposure risk level that is categorized as unsafe at a radius of 10 meters from the station entrance, the starting point at the terminal entrance, and a radius of 10 meters from the school gate that has the highest RQ>1.Conclusion:Some public places still have an insecure risk due to PM2.5 exposure to health problems, so management strategies are needed to reduce the risk of health problems in the community and increasing air quality.

Abstrak: Dehidrasi pada atlet tidak hanya menurunkan fungsi kognitif dan fisiologis yang mengganggu performa olahraga, melainkan juga berdampak fatal seperti heat illness dan heat stroke. Pada olahraga dengan durasi lebih dari 30 menit seperti sepakbola, dehidrasi menjelang, saat dan setelah pertandingan dan latihan akan menurunkan kinerja atlet. Salah satu penyebab dehidrasi atlet usia muda adalah kurangnya asupan cairan akibat rendahnya pengetahuan terkait hidrasi. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa edukasi hidrasi pada atlet mampu meningkatkan asupan cairan. Oleh karena itu dilakukanlah PKM ini dengan melakukan pendampingan penilaian status hidrasi guna mencegah dehidrasi pada atlet sepak bola usia 14-18 tahun di Laskar Muda FC Jakarta Barat. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah peningkatan pengetahuan dan asupan cairan atlet. Metode PKM yang akan digunakan adalah penyuluhan, pelatihan pengukuran tingkat dehidrasi, penyebaran media poster dan stiker urine colour chart. Terjadi peningkatan rerata skor pengetahuan atlet dari pretest ke postest secara signifikan (57,34 ± 11,34 menjadi 85,20 ± 14,63; P value=0,000) dan penurunan proporsi atlet dengan asupan cairan kurang dari 67,5% menjadi 39,3%.Abstract: Dehydration in athletes not only decreases cognitive and physiological functions that interfere with sports performance, but also has fatal consequences such as heat illness and heat stroke. In sports with a duration of 30 minutes such as football, longer dehydration, during and after matches and training will reduce athlete performance. One of the causes of dehydration in young athletes is lack of fluid intake due to low hydration. Previous research has shown that hydration education in athletes can increase fluid intake. Therefore, this PKM was carried out by providing assistance in assessing hydration status to prevent dehydration in soccer athletes aged 14-18 years at Laskar Muda FC, West Jakarta. The purpose of this activity is to increase the knowledge and fluid intake of athletes. The PKM method that will be used is counseling, training on measuring the level of dehydration, distributing poster media and urine color chart stickers. There was a significant increase in the average knowledge score of athletes from pretest to posttest (57.34 ± 11.34 to 85.20 ± 14.63; P value = 0.000) and a decrease in the proportion of athletes with fluid intake less than 67.5% to 39, 3%.