Background: Smoking impose various ill-effects on the alveolar bone concerning dental implants including reduced bone height, delayed healing of bone, poor peri-implant bone formation, increased bone loss, and peri-implantitis. Aims: The present clinical trial was aimed to analyze the smoking effect on dental implant survival rate as well as marginal bone loss in dental implants. Materials and Methods: Out of 86 patients, Group I had 43 patients who were smokers and Group II had nonsmokers. Following the implant placement, marginal bone loss radiographically and mobility were assessed clinically at 3, 6, and 12 months after implant loading. Results: The mean marginal loss seen in smokers at 3 months was 2.13 ± 0.21, 2.46 ± 0.09, 2.60 ± 0.0.92, and 2.74 ± 0.11 for maxillary anterior, maxillary posterior, mandibular anterior, and mandibular posterior regions, respectively. The 12-month recall visit showed a higher proportion of smokers having implant mobility. In smokers, 13.95% ( n = 6) of the study participants had implant mobility, whereas 6.97% ( n = 3) of the nonsmokers had mobility. Conclusion: Smoking is associated with long-term implant failure which is directly proportional to the duration ad frequency of smoking. Furthermore, smoking has a detrimental effect on dental implants and its surrounding bone.

Facial disfigurement due to trauma is very common as the face is a prominent part of the body and is susceptible to injuries. A protocol for the diagnosis and intervention for psychological problems of trauma patients should be implemented in the Indian hospitals as they lack policies for assessing the mental status of such patients. This study was conducted to analyze and determine the psychological implications and need for mental health services of maxillofacial trauma patients. Fifty patients with maxillofacial trauma above 18 years of age were included in this study. The assessment was done using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Trauma Screening Questionnaire (TSQ), which are considered as the standard tools for assessment of psychological disorders post-trauma. We observed psychological stress in 84% of the patients at the baseline, which reduced to 24% after one month at the first follow-up visit and further reduced to 22% at the second follow-up visit. The reduction in the percentage from the first to the second follow-up visit was less significant. However, the change in HADS and TSQ scores was found to be significant, suggesting that the intensity of trauma decreases with the time-lapse. Anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress are prevalent in patients with maxillofacial trauma, which may lead to impaired day-to-day life. Our results suggest that there is a need for psychological care in patients with maxillofacial trauma.

Background: The mini-implants introduced new possibilities of adequate anchorage in orthodontics. Furthermore, due to its small size, it can even be placed at relatively difficult sites with ease. Removal torque should be high to prevent implant unscrewing. Objective: This prospective clinical trial was aimed to evaluate the insertion torque and removal torque of single-threaded and double-threaded cylindrical orthodontic mini-implants. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 cases were randomly divided into two groups, with an equal number of patients in each group ( n = 18). In Group 1 single-threaded cylindrical mini-implant was placed, and in the other group, cylindrical implants with double-threaded were placed. Maximum insertion torque (MIT) and maximum removal torques (MRTs) were recorded for both groups. Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: MIT was found to be significantly higher than MRT for both the groups and between the groups. Intergroup comparison in the present study showed significantly higher values for MIT than MRT. Intergroup comparison of MIT showed more values for Group 2 as compared to Group 1. Similar statistically significant values were seen in terms with MRT, where double-threaded cylindrical mini-implants had more torque value than the other group. Conclusions: Orthodontic mini screws represent effective temporary anchorage devices. Double-threaded cylindrical mini-implants have significantly higher insertion and removal torque than single-threaded mini-implants and hence better stability.

Background: Zygomatic fractures constitute of 20-40% of all facial fractures, most common among the males between the second and fourth decades of life. The ratio of the incidence between females and male is 1: 4. The zygomatic bone occupying a prominent position in the face determines the facial width. It also acts as a major buttress for the mid face between the maxilla and cranium and it is this prominent location which makes it more prone to injury.

Introduction: Local Anaesthetic (LA) agents are chemicals that reversibly block the transmission of action potential of nerve membrane. Lidocaine has established itself as the gold-standard owing to its excellent clinical properties with minimal side effects. Articaine, a relatively newer LA agent is reported to have better clinical properties than Lidocaine. Aim: To compare and evaluate the differences in total volume of LA agent used, onset of subjective symptoms and objective signs, total duration of anaesthesia achieved and postoperative pain assessment with 2% lidocaine and 4% articaine during routine dental extractions. Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical study was conducted by the Department of Dentistry, Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India from October 2020 to February 2021. A total of 200 patients (107 females and 93 males) requiring mandibular molar extraction were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two study groups. group-1 patients were administered with 2% lidocaine while Group-2 patients were administered with 4% articaine. Complete demographic and clinical details of all the patients were recorded. The volume of LA agent used, onset time for subjective symptoms and objective signs and total duration of anaesthesia was recorded. Postoperative pain was recorded on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) on a scale of 0 to 10. All the variables were recorded in Microsoft excel sheet and were analysed by SPSS version 21 software. A two-tailed p-value less than 0.05 (p<0.05) was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 200 patients participated in the study, where group-1 patients (49 males and 51 females) had a mean age of 34.79±10.43 years and group-2 patients (44 males and 56 females) had a mean age of 35.41±11.39 years. Statistically insignificant differences (p>0.05) were obtained for the following parameters–volume of LA agent used, onset time of subjective symptoms, onset time of objective signs and postoperative VAS scores. A statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was observed for total duration of anaesthesia. Conclusion: Both 2% lignocaine and 4% articaine are equally effective LA agents in patients undergoing mandibular molar extractions. However, 2% articaine exhibited significantly higher duration of total anaethesia when compared to 2% lidocaine.