Introduction: Various types of COVID 19 vaccine are being used globally to control the current pandemic. Post-licensure surveillance of vaccine is essential to ensure the safety. This study aimed to determine Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFIs) of China Sinopharm (Vero cell), the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. Method: This is a cross sectional observational study conducted at Patan hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS) after the approval from IRC. Vaccine recipient between April 7 to April 13 and May 16 to May 25 were contacted through a phone call after 72 h of vaccination to record the AEFIs. Pattern and distribution of AEFIs were analyzed. Ethical approval was taken from PAHS IRC. Result: A total of 6142 individual got the first dose of the vaccine and out of them we were able to contact 4574 through phone calls. Of the 4574, only 941 were included for the follow up phone call after the second dose of the vaccine. A total of 1336 AEFIs were reported in 868(19%) first dose vaccine recipients while 147 AFEIs were reported in 105(11.2%) second dose vaccine recipients.  The frequently reported AEFIs were pain at injection site, lethargy, headache, muscle ache and fever. All the AEFIs were mild to moderate in severity. Most of the AEFIs started within 24 h and resolved within 72 h. Conclusion: The Sinopharm (Vero cell) vaccine was found to have mild to moderate AEFIs in our study cohort and no case of severe AEFI was identified.

Background: Male sex has always been considered as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. But recent studies have shown controversial results. This study aimed to investigate the relation of serum testosterone withrisk factors of coronary artery diseasesand with degree of severity of coronary artery stenosisin men with coronary artery diseases.Methods: After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria 102 men (aged 60.42 += 11.11), were included. Fasting blood sample were obtained and blood sugar, total testosterone and lipid profile were measured. Severity of coronary stenosis was estimated by Gensini score. The relationships were assessed using chi-square test, one way analysis of variance and Pearson’s Correlation. Results: Of the total 102 patients, majority of them 42 (41.2%) had triple vessel disease. Testosterone (nmol/L) was found to be 12.01 ± 6.1. Cardiovascular diseaserisk factors like age, body mass index etc. were found to be negatively correlated with testosterone but not statistically significant. Likewise, Gensini score also correlated negatively with testosteronebut not up to the threshold of statistical significance (r=-0.069, p-value = 0.496). Similar results were obtained when number of vessels involved and testosterone were compared. However, the number of diabetic patients gradually decreased with the increasing value of testosterone in the three tertile group (p-value = 0.040). Conclusions: This study could not find significant association between testosterone and coronary artery diseases, however low testosterone was associated with diabetes mellitus.Keywords: Coronary artery diseases; diabetes mellitus; gensini score; testosterone.

Background:Lack of proper diet and use of different medications in heart failure contributes to electrolyte imbalance. Due to absence of routine measurement, their abnormalities are not recognized. This study is an attempt to portrait a picture of serum levels of electrolytes in heart failure patients Materials and Methods: 102 heart failure patients were enrolled in this study over 6 months period. Serum levels of magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, sodium and albumin were measured. SPSS ver. 20.0 was used to analyze the data. Analysis of Variance was used to find mean differences and Pearson's correlation was used to establish the correlation. Results: Majority of patient fell under New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II and had isolated systolic heart failure. Mean serum values of sodium and magnesium were below the reference range. Mean values of serum sodium, magnesium and corrected calcium was less in patients receiving diuretics and digitalis. Likewise, serum phosphorus was more with diuretics and digitalis use. Also, serum sodium was less in Acetylcholine Eseterose (ACE) inhibitors use. Isolated diastolic heart failure patients had least serum calcium values. Although, serum sodium and magnesium value in heart failure patients was positively correlated, was not statistically significant. Conclusion: This study showed that low serum sodium and magnesium values are frequently associated in heart failure. Disturbances in other serum electrolytes could also be other cause of complications in heart failure which are not under routine investigation. Identification and correction of these disturbances could have significant impact. However, further studies are required to reinforce this idea.

Introduction: During COVID-19 pandemic, live online lectures were offered for the first time to the undergraduate students. Due to its novelty, it was important to identify the effectiveness. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the perception of students and faculty regarding the attributes of lectures delivered via live online versus classroom platform. Method: In this descriptive study, after approval from the ethical committee, link to the validated questionnaire was sent via email to all participants. Quantitative data were expressed as numbers and percentage while thematic analysis was done for qualitative data. Result: In this study 22 faculty members and 176 students participated. Twenty-one (95%) faculty and 159 (90.3%) students agreed that it was a good initiative to start live online lectures during the pandemic, and 18 (81.8%) faculty and 160 (91%) students were satisfied or partially satisfied with online mode. Limitations identified were technical issues and lack of physical interaction. Both faculty members 18 (81.8%) and students 116 (65.9%) agreed or strongly agreed that online lectures were less interactive, and suggested ways to improve online lectures by making sessions more interactive, proper lecture scheduling and using different online media. Conclusion: Participants identified various strengths of live online mode which is encouraging to use during adverse situations or even continue as a standard platform but it is not without limitations. Thus, for successful implementation, proper planning and designing of lectures are required.