The problem of ecological crisis and exploitation of women is a topic that is often discussed today because it occurs in various parts of the world. The natural conditions and fate of women both in developing and developed countries are in an alarming condition because the development and exploitation of nature causes water, soil and air pollution. Women who use nature for their daily needs with development are forced to become objects of capitalist patriarchal exploitation. In addition, the degradation of nature due to the interference of science and technology causes the degradation of natural ecosystems so that the survival of other living things such as plants and animals is disrupted. This descriptive study aims to examine the issue of ecological crisis and exploitation of women found in the novel Surfacing by Margaret Atwood by using the ecofeminism theory of Vandana Shiva and Maria Mies. This research uses 3 variables: 1. Reduction of women's uterus, 2. Development, 3. Exploitation . This research is a library research. To see the colors of representation, researchers used the theory of ecofeminism introduced by Vandana Shiva and Maria Mies. The results showed an ecological crisis and exploitation of women found in the novel Surfacing, namely (1) the reduction of the womb of women with the presence of modern science, (2) pornography of women and exploitation of animals for commercial purposes, (3) development and illegal logging for various interests industry

Women and nature often experience violence. The research aims to describe the forms of female exploitation and nature represented in Margaret Atwood's Surfacing. Data collection is done through library studies. Vandana Shiva and Maria Mies' ecofeminism theory used to for analyzed the data. The results showed that the Surfacing novel represents three forms of exploitation experienced by women and nature. The three forms of exploitation are (1) reduction of the female uterus by the presence of technology; (2) exploitation of women and nature due to industrial interests; (3) Development and tree logging for the benefit of various industries. The study concludes that women are positioned as objects and 'the other' exploited by the capitalist patriarchy.Women are used for commercial gain, without thinking about the impact of ecological destruction that can afflict women and nature. Women are guardians of biodiversity and sustainability of life because it utilizes nature to fulfill daily life needs. Ecological crises and exploitation of women must be prevented. Those messages are presented in this novel.

Berbicara tentang dominasi laki-laki di sistem patriarki tentunya tak lepas dari kaum perempuan yang selalu saja mengalami penindasan akibat dominasi tersebut. Salah satunya seperti yang tertuang dalam novel Surfacing karya Margaret Atwood. Namun ternyata, novel Surfacing tidak hanya mengemukakan gambaran penindasan perempuan secara gamblang dalam bentuk karya fiksi. Novel Surfacing adalah suatu bentuk sastra penentang terhadap penindasan perempuan di Kanada sebelum tahun 1970an. Untuk dapat menganalisa permasalahan tersebut, digunakan Kritik Sastra Feminisme The Second Sex oleh Simone de Beauvoir dan dari penelitian ini didapatkan hasil bahwa, Pertama, novel Surfacing merupakan suara feminis radikal yang menentang objektifikasi terhadap perempuan. Kedua novel Surfacing tergolong pada sastra penentangan terhadap subordinasi ekonomi. Ketiga, novel Surfacing sebagai sastra penentangan terhadap eksploitasi tubuh.

This paper seeks to reveal the existence of the modern literary genre of Minangkabau, in the repertoire of modern Indonesian literature. Modern Minangkabau literature was detected existed since the 1930s through the printed media of the time. But the genre only showed its entity in the 1960s through Nasrul Siddik's short stories recorded in Saputangan Sirah Baragi (1966). The anthology of this short story gives a firm limit to the existence of the Minangkabau modern literary genre, and the kaba genre by strengthening its epigons in local print media, such as writers in the Aman Makmur newspaper , Singgalang , Semangat , and so on in the modern Indonesian literary horizon. So that it becomes a new hegemony in the modern Minangkabau literature repertoire in particular.

This paper seeks to reveal the existence of the modern literary genre of Minangkabau, in the repertoire of modern Indonesian literature. Modern Minangkabau literature was detected existed since the 1930s through the printed media of the time. But the genre only showed its entity in the 1960s through Nasrul Siddik's short stories recorded in Saputangan Sirah Baragi (1966). The anthology of this short story gives a firm limit to the existence of the Minangkabau modern literary genre, and the kaba genre by strengthening its epigons in local print media, such as writers in the Aman Makmur newspaper , Singgalang , Semangat , and so on in the modern Indonesian literary horizon. So that it becomes a new hegemony in the modern Minangkabau literature repertoire in particular.