<strong>English</strong><br />Based on typical agro-ecology and socio-economy conditions, Indonesian agriculture needs agricultural tools and machinery support with certain characteristics. The government has provided agricultural tools and machinery, especially in the last three years, although its success is limited. This paper is a scientific review discussing needs of agricultural tools and machinery for agricultural development, its implementation, and efforts to achieve effectiveness. Materials are compiled from various sources, both documentation of development planning, program reports, as well as the results of critical evaluation and analysis of various research results. The results show that development of agricultural tools and machinery in Indonesia requires a good mapping with respect to the needs and availability, as well as institutional efforts to increase its effectiveness. Use of agricultural tools and machinery can reduce farming costs and provide benefits for farmers and it contributes to food self-sufficiency. Agriculture mechanization has a good prospect if it is preceded by a mapping of needs and availability as well as an adequate institutional environment. Consequently, farm costs become lower and farming efficiency will improve. <br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Dengan kondisi agroekologis dan sosial ekonomi yang khas, pertanian Indonesia membutuhkan dukungan penggunaan alat dan mesin pertanian (Alsintan) dengan karakter tertentu. Pemerintah telah lama mengembangkan Alsintan, terutama tiga tahun terakhir, meskipun keberhasilannya masih terbatas. Tulisan ini merupakan review ilmiah (scientific review) yang membahas kebutuhan Alsintan untuk pembangunan pertanian, pelaksanaannya, serta upaya mencapai efektivitas penggunaannya secara optimal. Bahan disusun dari berbagai sumber baik dokumentasi perencanaan pembangunan, laporan program, maupun hasil evaluasi dan analisis kritis dari berbagai hasil penelitian. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan Alsintan di Indonesia membutuhkan pemetaan yang baik berkenaan dengan kebutuhan dan ketersediaannya, serta upaya kelembagaan untuk peningkatan efektivitasnya. Penggunaan Alsintan mampu menekan biaya usaha tani dan memberikan keuntungan bagi petani, sehingga mampu berkontribusi pada pencapaian swasembada pangan. Mekanisasi Pertanian mempunyai prospek yang baik kalau didahului dengan pemetaan kebutuhan dan ketersediaan serta langkah langkah kelembagaan (enabling institutional environment) yang memadai. Sebagai konsekuensinya biaya usaha tani dapat ditekan dan efisiensi usaha tani dapat diperbaiki.

<p>Maize is one of important commodities after rice. As a secondary crop in Indonesia, maize has multifunctional uses either as food or feed. Maize agribusiness has some benefits as it is highly demanded for feed raw material and easily cultivated. Besides external factor, i.e. inter-regional trade and export opportunities among regions and countries such as maize trade opportunity among regions and countries. Some weaknesses of maize agribusiness are limited farmers’ land areas, minimal infrastructure, technology, competing water use with other major crops, and potential threat of climate change. This study uses SWOT (<em>Streng</em><em>t</em><em>h-Weakness-Opportunities-Threats</em>) and QSPM (<em>Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix</em>) approaches. Analysis results show that maize agribusiness development should be competitive, farmers-based, sustainable and decentralized. The government needs to improve people’s participation in maize agribusiness.  Main measures to take maize agribusiness development are effectiveness and quality of government service, and distribution facilities and infrastructure improvement.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Jagung merupakan komoditas strategis utama terpenting setelah padi dan salah satu komoditas tanaman palawija utama di Indonesia yang kegunaannya relatif luas, terutama untuk konsumsi manusia dan kebutuhan bahan pakan ternak. Agribisnis jagung memiliki berbagai keuntungan yakni memberikan banyak manfaat, memiliki keunggulan sebagai pakan untuk unggas, dan usaha taninya mudah. Namun, jagung memiliki beberapa permasalahan seperti luas lahan yang terbatas, dan teknologi usaha tani rendah. Jagung memiliki peluang perdagangan antardaerah dan negara dan kebutuhan jagung nasional  cukup tinggi dan terus tumbuh. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan studi untuk mendapatkan strategi pengembangan jagung nasional ke depan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode SWOT (<em>Strenght-Weakness-Opportunities-Threats</em>) dan QSPM (<em>Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix</em>). Hasil analisis data mendapatkan bahwa strategi alternatif terpenting dalam pengembangan agribisnis jagung adalah harus berorientasi pada pengembangan agribisnis jagung yang berdaya saing, berkerakyatan, berkelanjutan, dan terdesentralisasi. Dibutuhkan peningkatan efektivitas dan kualitas kinerja pemerintah dalam memfasilitasi masyarakat untuk berpartisipasi dalam membangun agribisnis jagung. Secara menyeluruh, prioritas utama dalam pengembangan agribisnis jagung ke depan membutuhkan dukungan melalui peningkatan efektivitas dan kualitas kinerja pemerintah, serta pengembangan sarana dan prasarana distribusi.</p>

Soybean production in Indonesia shows a downward trend over time, causing an increase in dependence on imports because the demand for soybeans is much greater. Therefore, efforts are needed to increase production by increasing productivity by using new soybean varieties, which are still very limited in distribution. This paper aims to identify the distribution of new soybean varieties, analyze the problems and factors affecting the distribution of new soybean varieties, and formulate strategies to increase the distribution of new soybean varieties. The study was conducted in the West Java and Central Java Provinces. The analysis method used in the study was qualitative descriptive. The analysis results show that in 2015-2019, soybean production in Indonesia, including in West Java and Central Java, shows a downward trend. Of the total distribution area of soybean varieties, the dominant varieties cultivated are Anjasmoro (61.48%), Wilis (10.66%), Grobogan (9.81%), Argomulyo (6.65%), and Baluran (4.01%). Meanwhile, the distribution of new soybean varieties is still very low, including Dena 1 variety (4.01%) and other new soybean varieties with a distribution area of less than 0.1% of the total distribution area. To increase the distribution of new soybean varieties, one of them can be done by developing seed breeders at the farmer level. Thus, the availability of the seeds of new soybean varieties can increase and farmers will find it easier to obtain these seeds.

The objective of this study is to analyse the potentials, obstacles and socio-economic condition of swamp land development for food estate programmes in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The results for qualitative descriptive and quantitative analysis showed there were approximately 33.4 million hectares of swamp land area, 9.5 million of which have the potential for agricultural land, particularly for rice. The rationale of food estate location are a wide area of land availability, with abundant water resources. The main obstacles of land use of swamp land are: (a) low soil pH (acid); (b) low NPK content in the soil; (c) high Al and Fe solubility (toxic); and (d) tidal influence such that during the wet season the land is flooded and during the dry season the land is dry. This research recommends that swamp land development for food estates requires: water management infrastructure rehabilitation, land management, adaptive and potential commodity selection and farmer institution strengthening and facilitation.

<em>Soybean is the main strategic food commodities after paddy and maize, as stated in the UU No. 7 Tahun 1996. Since 2009 until now, national soybean consumption has reach about 2 illion tones per year, but national soybean production just able to satisfy around 900 thousand tones per year, so it drawbacks met from imported soybeans. Contribution quantity of soybean imports reached more 70 persen of the domestic soybean demand per year, this is opposite to the Government aim has launched several years ago to become self-sufficient in soybeans at 2014. So that, we need a policy government to support soybeans self-sufficiency program. Soybeans self-sufficient will be achieved when the national soybeans production can meet the domestic soybeans demand, so that, the policy needs to be done is how to increase the quantity of the national soybeans production. In this study, a simulation analysis was conducted to provide the some alternative policy to improve soybeans production. The results of the analysis concluded that the national soybeans production will increase, at least 15 percent per year by increasing 25 percent the quantity of soybean seeds, 15 percent area harvested, 20 percent of imported soybean prices, 25 percent of national soybeans price, 30 percent soybean import tariffs, and the last is decreasing 150 percent of the quantity soybean imports. Simulation is determined based on the average growth rate of the historical data used.</em>