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Study task: This study was conducted in different CCU Departments of Baluchistan from February 2022 to June 2022 for providing health awareness to the people about obesity and its effects in cardiovascular complications. Aims and Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to find out the biological effects of obesity in cardiovascular complications in both male and female individuals. Data Collection: Total 164 individuals of age in between 40- 65 were selected for this study and divided them into two different groups. In group- A, 80 individuals were non- obese of BMI 15-25 while in Group-B, 84 individuals with BMI 30-35 were so obese as compared with individuals of group-A. A medical history Performa was used to collect history of each individual. Biochemical and Physiological analysis: BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL). Ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction were studied in connection to the obesity rate and trends of individuals. BMI calculated by dividing weight in Kg by height in m2. Automatic Digital Blood Pressure Monitor was used for measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Lipid profile was performed with the help of kits on spectrophotometer. Bio-statistical analysis: Collected raw data were presented with the application of SPSS variant 20. All findings were represented in regression of each biomarker in the form of mean standard deviation and significant changes such as (P<0.05). Results: Current study stated that an increase in ischemic heart disease in 60 (73.1%) cases of group I, and in 11 (12.2%) instances of group II. Myocardial infarction rates were also higher in obese patient substantially outperformed non-obese instances with a p value. <0.05. Additionally, obese individuals' systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were greater. While cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides were shown to be greater in obese people, HDL was found to be lower in these patients. Conclusion: It was concluded that obesity and weight gain are important risk factors for myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease, which lead to poor outcomes for patients and an increase in the death rate. Keywords: Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Ischemic heart disease, systolic and diastolic blood pressure

Objective: This study was carried out to assess the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and risk factors among young adults in Pakistan. Study Design: A cross-sectional anthropometric study in local population to assess the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and risk factors among young male and female. Place and Duration: Present study was conducted in 25 high schools of Lahore, Islamabad and Karachi from January 2022 to November 2022. Methodology: In this study 1000 young adults (500 girls and 500 boys) of age 15-17 years were selected and used population-based stratified cluster sampling method. To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity, the participant’s body mass indices (BMI) were compared to the BMI guidelines for Pakistani children and adolescents. In order to gather information about the study group's sociodemographic traits, Internet use, TV watching, physical activity, and family history of obesity, a standardized questionnaire was administered. Results: According to the findings, there were 8.9% of teenagers who were obese overall (9.6% of females and 7.2% of boys). It was shown that BMI went up when computer use did. Compared to their peers who were of normal weight, a higher percentage of overweight and obese teenagers watched TV and used computers for longer than two hours each day. It was discovered that the patients with normal weight participated more frequently in regular physical activity. 59.6% of the households of overweight adolescents were obese. Practical Implication:It will spread awareness among community about obesity prevalence in young adults and the risk factors associated with them ,controlling methods and things to prevent. Conclusion: Comparatively it was concluded that Pakistan has lower frequency of adolescent obesity than several developed countries. The usage of computer, mobile, television, physical exercise, and family dynamics are all significant risk factors for obesity. Keywords: Adolescent, Obesity, Body mass indices, Risk factors, Anthropometric

Objective: The main objective of this study was to check clinically that Coronary Heart Disease in our local population caused by obesity. Study design: It is a comparative clinical study. Place and duration: Current clinical study was conducted in Lahore Medical & Dental College Lahore, Pakistan from December 2021to March 2022. Methodology: In Group X, 25 normal individuals were selected while in Group Y, 75 patients with Coronary Heart Disease were considered respectively. Intensity of Shoulder or arm pain, Shortness of breath, lipid profile, BMI, oxygen saturation, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and electrocardiogram (ECG). Lipid profile were performed through blood sample, Oxygen saturation levels were measured through oximeter, blood pressure with sphygmomanometer. The bio-statistically model SPSS was applied for the presentation of collected raw data. Results: Different parameters such as BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Intensity of Shoulder or arm pain, oxygen saturation, blood serum cholesterol, blood serum triglycerides, blood serum LDL, blood serum HDL levels and electrocardiogram (ECG) were measured comparatively in current study. The levels of these variables in Group-X and Group-Y were (18.02±01.02, 118.1±01.01, 72.01±0.01, 0.01±0.01, 99.0±0.03, 198.01±0.04, 138.02±0.02, 125.01±0.03, 45.01±0.01), (28.01±01.04, 178.0±01.03, 96.01±09.04, 90.01±0.02, 94.0±0.03, 268.01±0.01, 208.01±0.04, 185.01±0.01, 35.01±0.04) measured respectively. Conclusion: In present study different parameters such as BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Intensity of Shoulder or arm pain, oxygen saturation, blood serum cholesterol, blood serum triglycerides, blood serum LDL, blood serum HDL levels and electrocardiogram (ECG) were measured in both Group-X and Group-Y and a significant (P≤0.05) changes were observed in individuals of Group-Y than the Group-X comparatively. Keywords: Body mass index, Obesity, Coronary Artery Disease, Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure

Background: The use of Synthetic human insulin in diabetic individuals may develop number of serious medical complications in population like Hypoglycemia, Weight gain, Little Skin Depression and Dementia. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objects of current study were to provide awareness about the recent Biochemical and Physiological side effects of Artificial Insulin Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus to the people. Study Design: A comparative clinical study. Place and Duration: Present study was conducted in Lahore Medical & Dental College Lahore, The university of Lahore, Lahore, Suleman Roshan medical college Tando Adam Sindh and Allama Iqbal Medical College Lahore Pakistan from March 2021 June 2022. Methodology: Total 450 diabetic type- 2 patients of age 40-60 years were selected for present study and they were divided into three different groups regarding injected units of synthetic insulin. In Group-A 100 male and 50 female were taking 20 units twice a day, whereas 100 male and 50 female individuals with diabetes type-2 of Group-B were injected 30 units twice a day while 80 male and 40 female of Group-C were taking 45 units twice a day respectively. Fasting and Random glucose levels, Body mass index (BMI), levels of Dementia and Skin Depression parameters of each individual were measured and compared group wise. Results: A remarkable significant changes (P≤0.05) in Fasting glucose levels, Random glucose levels after 2 hour of meal, Random glucose levels after 3 hour of meal, Random glucose levels after 4 hour of meal, Body mass index, body mass index after 6 month, body mass index after 12 month, Incidence of severe hypoglycemia of male and female were concluded in group-B and group-C as compared with group-A, because 20 units of insulin created less hypoglycemic effects as compared with 30 and 45 units which were injected in Group-B and Group-C comparatively. Practical implication: Awareness about side effects of artificial Insulin therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus to the people is so important and helpful for quality of life and safety. Conclusion: The findings of present study were indicated that long term insulin therapy develop hypoglycemia and significant changes (P≤0.05) in BMI in patients with diabetes type-2. It was concluded that a significant (P≤0.05) weight gain in regular user of synthetic insulin diabetic type-2 patients was very common. Keywords: Hypoglycemia, Synthetic insulin, Body mass index, Diabetes Mellitus