Among the desirable features of an organizational structure is simplicity. Its opposite, i.e. complexity, expresses a lack of order and entanglement, which are the source of waste. Although the desire for the simplicity of a structural solution is not new, in recent years it has been more clearly emphasized. Therefore, Ashby's law stating that variety has to be balanced by a different kind of variety, is questioned. The purpose of this article is to present the concept of simplifying an organizational structure. The concept of a simple organizational structure offered in this paper is the result of a thorough analysis of the literature on this topic. However, the views concerning the level of simple structure centralization were verified by means of a fractal calculus. The article presents the results of the study concerning the factors influencing the simplicity of the structural solution as well as the procedure of simplifying the organizational structure.

Diversity management is viewed as one of the sources of competitive advantage, but the relation between workforce diversity and organizational goals is not indisputable. In-depth analysis of literature in this field does not allow for a clear answer concerning the nature of this relation (there is not a lot of empirical research available, and more importantly, they have significant limitations). The paper presents the results of empirical research aimed at exploring the relation between workforce diversity and organizational performance, which seem to break through the major limitations of previous studies in this area, i.e. the association of organizational performance mainly with financial results and the domination of American authors (60% of studies were conducted in the USA, a country with a specific culture). The research subjects of this article are European football clubs, which can be treated as a model for the management of contemporary organizations (the study covers 166 clubs from 10 countries). The obtained results clearly indicate the lack of dependency between workforce diversity (considered using two dimensions of primary identity – nationality and age) and the achieved results (considered using their place in the final table of the 2016/17 season and the total number of points). It was concluded on this basis that, in organizations free from discriminatory prejudices (which is the case for most football clubs), diversity management is somewhat vacant

W artykule podjęto próbę określenia rodzaju kultury organizacyjnej będącej podstawą dla wprowadzenia i funkcjonowania programu jakości Six Sigma. Wykazano, że kulturą tą będzie otwarta kultura organizacyjna. Ma ona znaczenie w realizacji takich elementów programu Six Sigma jak: orientacja na proces, pomiary, demaskowanie błędów i koncentracja na usuwaniu długotrwałych problemów.

After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to understand the scope of a medical screening examination within the context of contemporary obstetric triage; understand how a facility's level of maternal care influences clinical decision making in a contemporary obstetric triage setting; and understand the considerations necessary for the systematic evaluation of the 2 basic contemporary obstetric questions, "sick or not sick?" and "labor or no labor?"

Przeciwdziałanie sytuacjom kryzysowym wymaga, oprócz kontrolowania zachowań uczestników organizacji, odbioru wielu sygnałów o zbliżającym się kryzysie. Przewidywanie i unikanie katastrof polega przede wszystkim na rozpoznaniu zagrożenia i nadaniu mu odpowiedniego priorytetu. Uzasadnia to budowanie w przedsiębiorstwie otwartej kultury organizacyjnej, która nastawiona jest na partycypację wielu osób w procesie wykrywania i analizowania zagrożeń.