Andean grains are key elements in the construction of family production systems. These seeds speak of the history of a people, their customs and ancestral knowledge. The general objective of the work was to evaluate the food use, crop management and traditional knowledge about the medicinal use of ancestral Andean grains among the inhabitants of the districts of Quinua and Acos Vinchos (Ayacucho-Peru). Basic descriptive research, carried out by means of convenience sampling, the sample size determined by the Law of Diminishing Returns, after signing an informed consent form. Semi-structured individual interviews were applied to 96 informants. A total of 96.9% of the informants reported that they obtained quinoa grain from their own crops, and 24.0% obtained achita grain that they sowed directly on their land; no cañihua was cultivated. A total of 58.3% use quinoa and achita in their diet. The variability of the food use of ancestral grains, specifically quinoa and achita, constitute a natural source of vegetable protein of high nutritional value, which represents one of the main foods of the inhabitants of Quinua and Acos Vinchos. Traditional medicine derived from the ancestral knowledge of Andean grains is barely preserved, but this is not the case for other medicinal plants in the area, as this knowledge is still preserved.
Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto agudo de dos agroquímicos como son el oxicloruro de cobre y el butaclor sobre el camarón de río. Se emplearon ejemplares juveniles de camarón de río Cryphiops caementarius (Molina 1782) expuestos durante 96 h a dos agroquímicos de amplio uso en la agricultura, como son el 2-cloro 2,6 dietil fenil N butoxymetil acetamida o
En esta investigación se evaluó la formulación de galletas antianémicas con diferentes contenidos de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) y de hierro hemínico en la reducción de la anemia en ratas Holtzman. Se utilizó quinua blanca de la Estación Experimental INIA-Ayacucho y sangre de bovino obtenida del camal del distrito de Carmen Alto (Ayacucho, Perú). La metodología comprendió: 1. tratamiento de la muestra de quinua y sangre bovina, 2. formulación de la mezcla, 3. análisis bromatológico, microbiológico y evaluación organoléptica del producto elaborado, 4. determinación de hemoglobina. Los resultados del análisis bromatológico del producto mostraron: 346,72 Kcal, 5,2% humedad, 10,25% proteína, 20,17% grasa, 42,9% carbohidrato, 1,25% ceniza, 0,09% acidez, 0,15 meq/Kg de aceite, 27,6 mg Fe y ausencia de bromato de potasio. El análisis microbiológico reportó: Salmonella sp. ausente, E. coli NMP/g <3, Staphylococcus aureus coagulasa (+) NMP/g <3, Clostridium perfringens UFC/g <10 y recuento de mohos UFC/g <10, siendo apta para consumo humano. Con la dieta pobre en hierro se indujo a la disminución de los niveles de hemoglobina (11,4 g/dL) y con la dieta fortificada se recuperaron estos niveles (15,66 g/dL). Las galletas antianémicas formuladas cumplen con los requerimientos nutricionales que exige la FAO y las Normas Sanitarias Peruanas, demostrandosé ser aptas para consumo humano, así mismo los tratamientos en ratas Holtzman permitieron reafirmar, que con niveles adecuados de Chenopodium quinoa Willd y hierro hemínico, se redujo la anemia.
<p style="text-align: justify;">There are different strategies to analyze teacher and student performance when they interact with each other in class. The most used strategies are direct observation and verbal reports. Even though what is observed or reported depends on theoretical frameworks regarding didactic interactions, these must be related to teacher functions such as supervision, providing feedback, and evaluation of student performance. In this study, instruments for observational recording and verbal reports were developed and validated considering teacher functions and their student performance counterparts to compare the degree of correspondence or divergence between data gathered from both strategies. 135 students enrolled in a science class and their teachers participated. The class was taught in a public high school located in center/south Mexico. Classes were videotaped and the corresponding observational records were analyzed. Two months later, verbal reports were administered to students and teachers. Coincidences and differences that were found revealed that observer-observe interaction is conditioned by social norms. These results were interpreted considering the notion of silence as a communicative element.</p>
En este trabajo se investigó el contenido de metabolitos primarios de cuatro accesiones de Chenopodium quinoa Willd (Blanca, Amarilla, Roja y Negra) de tres distritos de la provincia de Huamanga: Tambillo, Acocro y Chiara. La metodología según AOAC fue: las proteínas por Kjeldahl, los carbohidratos por diferencia, las grasas por Soxhlet y las fibras por hidrólisis ácida-alcalina. Los valores obtenidos mostraron para los carbohidratos (62,46 y 68,8 %), grasas (5,03 y 6,27 %) y proteínas (11,66 y 15,17 %). Se obtuvo mayor contenido de proteínas y grasas en la accesión Blanca, y en la accesión Negra el contenido de carbohidratos fue mayor; los resultados obtenidos en el análisis proximal están dentro de los parámetros establecidos por la FAO. El aporte radica en el conocimiento de la calidad de la quinua, siembra en diferentes pisos altitudinales, averiguar cuál de las accesiones es más importante económicamente. La certificación de origen de las plantas manifiesta su potencial genético, que trasladado a otro lugar se adapta; sin embargo, genéticamente es diferente y por tanto su calidad nutricional no iguala a su lugar de origen.
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