In 2020, just before measures were established by governments to minimize the spread of SARS-CoV-2, such as social distancing, quarantine, lockdowns, and internal movement restrictions, people began to buy some products in quantities much superior to their regular needs. This behavior is called panic buying and is a typical human response in times of crisis and uncertainty. This study compares retail sale levels during the period in which panic purchases occurred to the sales levels before and after that period. We analyzed the sales of five groups of products from 144 stores of two major retailers in São Paulo, Brazil. Several regression models were used to evaluate the data obtained from demographic information, actual sales, per capita income, and product sales transactions. The results show that sales before, during, and after the panic buying period varied according to the product type and increased according to the average per capita income of each store’s influence area. These results may assist policymakers in introducing public policies and managing resources during a crisis that requires social distancing and lockdowns.
O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores e exportadores de produtos agrícolasdo mundo. Este artigo buscou identificar e sugerir ações corretivas para os principaisdesafios que impactam na competitividade das cadeias brasileiras de produtosagrícolas voltados para a exportação. Alguns desafios foram identificados na literatura,considerando a necessidade de: análise das cadeias agrícolas; coordenação entre os elosde cada cadeia; melhoria nas metodologias utilizadas para a otimização das cadeiasagrícolas; existência de sistemas de rastreabilidade satisfatórios que englobem toda acadeia; e considerações em relação à infraestrutura do atual agronegócio brasileiro.Algumas ações foram propostas para auxiliar na eliminação desses gargalos, como:separação dos produtos por categorias de acordo com o equipamento de transporteutilizado; fomento da coordenação entre os elos das cadeias; utilização de softwaresespecíficos; elaboração de sistemas de rastreabilidade; utilização de parcerias públicoprivadaspara melhorar a qualidade da atual malha viária; e a consequente redução doscustos com transporte dos produtos agropecuários.
Parte da Dissertação de Mestrado da primeira autora. Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense. Campos dos Goytacazes RJ. 2007. RESUMOAvaliou-se a eficiência do tratamento de sementes de mamoeiro com fungicidas no controle de Rhizoctonia solani. Foram realizados dois experimentos nos quais as sementes foram tratadas com fungicidas nas seguintes doses (g i.a. kg -1 de sementes): triadimenol (0,5 e 1,0), pencycuron (1,0 e 2,0), thiabendazole (5,0 e 10,0), fludioxonil (0,25 e 0,50), difeconazole (1,0 e 2,0), captan (5,0), tolylfluanid (2,5), captan + tolylfluanid (5,0+2,5). Na testemunha, as sementes foram tratadas apenas com água. Em laboratório, avaliou-se o vigor (%) e a germinação (%) das sementes. Em casa-de-vegetação, efetuou-se o semeio das sementes tratadas e não-tratadas em substrato infestado com micélio de R..solani AG1-IB. Sementes não tratadas foram plantadas em substrato infestado e não infestado (testemunhas). Não se observaram sintomas de toxidez nas plântulas cujas sementes foram tratadas com os fungicidas testados. Em casa-de-vegetação, a exceção de difeconazole, todos os demais fungicidas reduziram eficientemente a morte de plântulas em pré-emergência e apresentaram elevada emergência de plântulas (%), igualando-se a testemunha em substrato não infestado, com destaque para a mistura tolylfluanid + captan, que diferiu estatisticamente da testemunha em substrato infestado. Já, quanto ao percentual de plântulas com tombamento em pós-emergência, controle satisfatório foi obtido somente quando as sementes foram plantadas em substrato não infestado. Palavras-chave: Carica papaya, damping off, fungicidas. ABSTRACT Chemical treatment of papaya seeds to control Rhizoctonia solaniThe efficiency of fungicides applied on papaya seeds to control Rhizoctonia solani was evaluated in two experiments. Papaya seeds were treated with fungicides (grams of active ingredient kg -1 of seeds): triadimenol (0,5 and 1,0), pencycuron (1.0 and 2.0), thiabendazole (5,0 and 10,0), fludioxonil (0,25 and 0,50), difeconazole (1.0 and 2.0), captan (5.0), tolylfluanid (2.5) and captan + tolylfluanid (5.0 + 2.5) and controls (without fungicides). The vigor (seed germination percentage at the first count) and germination (%) of the seeds were evaluated in laboratory. In greenhouse, seeds were sowed in substrate infested with fungus mycelia, and in the controls, untreated seeds were sowed in infested and uninfested substrate. Seeds without chemical treatment were planted in infested and uninfested substrate as the controls. Toxicity symptoms on the seedlings were not observed for all treatments. Except for difeconazole, all products were efficient in controlling the death of seedlings in pre emergence and increased the emergence of plants in both experiments in greenhouse conditions, but satisfactory post-emergence damping-off control was achieved only by use of uninfested substrate.
This work proposes a data-driven theoretical framework for addressing: (i) extreme climate events prediction through multi-hazard risk mapping using remote sensing, artificial intelligence, and hydrological models, considering multiple hazards; and (ii) environmental monitoring using on-site data collection and IoT technologies. The framework considers the possibility of evaluating multiple climate change scenarios for improving decision-making in terms of Government policies and farm planning. Its main requirements are gathered based on a literature review. Several essential metrics that can be evaluated, considering both supervised and unsupervised metrics and key performance indicators considering the triple bottom line aspects, are also proposed. The framework also adopts multi-hazard (considering several hazards) and multi-risk (considering several relevant stakeholders) aspects and can be used to simulate different scenarios, an essential task for improving decision-making.
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