Background Sepsis is a major contributor to neonatal mortality, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). WHO advocates ampicillin-gentamicin as first-line therapy for the management of neonatal sepsis. In the BARNARDS observational cohort study of neonatal sepsis and antimicrobial resistance in LMICs, common sepsis pathogens were characterised via whole genome sequencing (WGS) and antimicrobial resistance profiles. In this substudy of BARNARDS, we aimed to assess the use and efficacy of empirical antibiotic therapies commonly used in LMICs for neonatal sepsis.Methods In BARNARDS, consenting mother-neonates aged 0-60 days dyads were enrolled on delivery or neonatal presentation with suspected sepsis at 12 BARNARDS clinical sites in

Background: In order to maintain the health, the homeostasis dynamics and balance process is most important. Among the critically ill cardiac surgery patients the homeostasis is imbalance and results in insufficient tissues perfusion and many organs of the body lead to the failure condition. It is necessary to monitor actively the intake and output during electrolytes administration in the cardiac surgery patients. Objectives: To assess the knowledge and practice of the registered nurses about fluid and electrolytes monitoring and administration in the cardiac surgery patients. Methodology: This study is of descriptive and cross sectional study design. The questioner of knowledge and practices regarding fluid and electrolytes administration was adopted from the article of Vijayan (Vijayan, 2011) which is based on 5-point Likert scale. The data was collected from 208 nurses of Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, Pakistan. Conclusion: The findings of the current study show that the nurses have poor knowledge and practices of nurses, so, public hospital's administration should focus on the strategies and activities which become helpful to increase the knowledge and practices of nurses regarding fluid and electrolytes administration.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the barriers of research utilization among nurses of public hospitals Lahore, Pakistan. Methodology: Descriptive cross sectional study was used. This study was conducted among nurses of Mayo Hospital Lahore and Lady Aitchison Hospital Lahore. The data was collected through simple random sampling from 245 registered nurses from both hospitals. The questionnaire of barriers to research utilization developed by Funk et al. (1993) was used. Result: The current study results show that nurses didn't utilize the research in practices. Non-supportive organization, colleagues, inadequate facilities, insufficient time, nurse feels she has no authority to change patient care procedure, research factor and nursing factor is the main barrier of research utilization. In the future nurses should come on a paradigm of research. Conclusion: This reveals that management should increase the focus on nurse's knowledge and facilities about research utilization

Background: Roughly 100 Million people wants care in the hospitals every year. The extensive supply of the health care services can be shocked for the many hospitals and their staff. The satisfaction of patients which is used as a criterion in many hospitals to measuring the nurse caring behaviors. So the patient's perception regarding nurse caring behaviors is largely associated with patients satisfaction.It is also important for nurses to develop a consciousness about their own perception regarding nurse caring behaviors that have a positive impact on their practice and increase the patients' satisfaction. Objective: The objective of the study is to measure the nurses and patients perception regarding nurse caring behaviors and patients satisfaction. Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive and correlational study was conducted to measure the nurses and patients perception regarding nurse caring behaviors and patients satisfaction. Thirty-six staff nurses (n=36) and ninety-two patients (n=92) were selected for that research, and caring behaviors inventory was used to measure the nurse caring behaviors, and patient satisfaction instrument was used to measure the patient's satisfaction. Results: The results of the study showed the positive relationship between the patients' perception and patients' satisfaction but the nurses' perception and patients' satisfaction have a negative relationship. Conclusion: This study concludes that the nurse's perception regarding nurse caring behaviors show a negative relationship with patients satisfaction but the patient's perception show a positive relationship with patients satisfaction. Positive and good behaviors of the nurses are most important for every hospital, especially in government hospitals. Good nurses' behavior has a positive effect on patient satisfaction and their care in every hospital.

Placolecis kashmirensis sp. nov. is described from Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. It is characterized by a yellowish-brown thallus, hyaline, broadly ellipsoid ascospores, a relatively taller hymenium and pear-shaped pycnidia. The generic position is confirmed by a phylogenetic analysis based on nrITS sequences. Description, a phylogenetic tree, and identification key for all the known Placolecis species are provided.