Pervious concrete is one of the most promising sustainable material nowadays. Pervious concrete is the mixture of cement, smaller size coarse aggregate, water and admixture. As cement industry is one of the most polluted industry, so for reducing the pollution and cost of concrete cement may be fully or partially replaced by waste materials like fly ash, rice husk ash, waste rubber tire, furnace slag, silica fume, solid waste etc. This paper illustrates the performance of pervious concrete with these sustainable materials replacing or partially replacing cement & aggregate. It is observed from the study that compressive strength of pervious concrete is increasing by introducing fly ash, furnace slag, and rice husk ash, silica fume, and solid waste (glass powder, ceramic waste, bottom ash). Whereas compressive strength is decreasing by addition of rubberized materials. Permeability is increasing with furnace slag, ceramic waste but glass powder, silica fume has no effect on permeability. Though rubberized materials decreases the tensile strength and compressive strength of pervious concrete, it increases the abrasion resistance & freezing-thawing resistance. Partial addition of rice husk ash, furnace slag, silica fume, glass powder also enhance tensile strength of pervious concrete. All the above mentioned materials are environment friendly but solid waste, furnace slag and silica fume has the highest contribution to the strength and permeability of pervious concrete.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a common medical condition with a high mortality rate. With the repair abilities of the kidney, it is possible to restore adequate kidney function after supportive treatment. However, a better understanding of how nephron cell death and repair occur on the cellular level is required to minimize cell death and to enhance the regenerative process. The zebrafish pronephros is a good model system to accomplish this goal because it contains anatomical segments that are similar to the mammalian nephron. Previously, the most common model used to study kidney injury in fish was the pharmacological gentamicin model. However, this model does not allow for precise spatiotemporal control of injury, and hence it is difficult to study cellular and molecular processes involved in kidney repair. To overcome this limitation, this work presents a method through which, in contrast to the gentamicin approach, a specific Green Fuorescent Protein (GFP)-expressing nephron segment can be photoablated using a violet laser light (405 nm). This novel model of AKI provides many advantages that other methods of epithelial injury lack. Its main advantages are the ability to "dial" the level of injury and the precise spatiotemporal control in the robust in vivo animal model. This new method has the potential to significantly advance the level of understanding of kidney injury and repair mechanisms.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a common medical condition with a high mortality rate. With the repair abilities of the kidney, it is possible to restore adequate kidney function after supportive treatment. However, a better understanding of how nephron cell death and repair occur on the cellular level is required to minimize cell death and to enhance the regenerative process. The zebrafish pronephros is a good model system to accomplish this goal because it contains anatomical segments that are similar to the mammalian nephron. Previously, the most common model used to study kidney injury in fish was the pharmacological gentamicin model. However, this model does not allow for precise spatiotemporal control of injury, and hence it is difficult to study cellular and molecular processes involved in kidney repair. To overcome this limitation, this work presents a method through which, in contrast to the gentamicin approach, a specific Green Fuorescent Protein (GFP)-expressing nephron segment can be photoablated using a violet laser light (405 nm). This novel model of AKI provides many advantages that other methods of epithelial injury lack. Its main advantages are the ability to "dial" the level of injury and the precise spatiotemporal control in the robust in vivo animal model. This new method has the potential to significantly advance the level of understanding of kidney injury and repair mechanisms. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at https://www.jove.com/video/55606/ 9 . It causes tubular damage that is too serious for embryo recovery, making the study of regeneration difficult without some type of intervention. Mammalian models, like the mouse and rat, are also considered valuable, but they face many limitations during the study of AKI. Perhaps the main disadvantage of rodent models is the difficulty in visualizing the rodent kidney and thus determining the precise spatiotemporal processes leading to epithelial death and repair.Johnson et al. have reported a laser ablation-based technique to induce acute kidney injury in embryonic and larval zebrafish 9 16

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