Objective: In this study we investigated the effect of Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on the gravimetry, hematology and whole brain histopathology in the restrained stressed male albino rats. Methodology: Adult male Wistar albino rats weighing about 175-225 g were taken for the study and were divided into four groups of six animals each. Group I (control), Group II (stress induced), Group III (stress + withdrawal) and Group IV (stress + Fluoxetine, 20 mg/kg body weight, i.p.). The gravimetrical parameters, hematological parameters and whole brain histopathology of all the experimental rats were evaluated. Results: After 42 days of restraint stress, there was a significant (P ≤0.05) decrease final body weight, whole brain weight, Hb, RBC, MCV, MCH, total WBC and Platelets, whereas increase in Neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils and monocytes in Group II of restraint stress rats when compared with their control group I. The stress withdrawal group (Group III) and drug Fluoxetine treatment (Group IV) shown significantly (P≤0.05) improvement in gravimetry, hematological parameters and whole brain histopathology in restraint stress compared to only stress induced group II. Conclusion: The drug Fluoxetine treatment could exert a protective effect on restrained stress induced alterations in gravimetrical parameters, hematological parameters and whole brain histopathology of male albino rats.

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The pedicles act as struts and reinforce the vertical system of columns. The pedicle as this is the site where vertebral column fixation surgeries are most frequently implemented. Objective: This study has been attempted to find out the transmission of weight through pedicles in man of South Karnataka region, India so that this knowledge could be applied to explain some of the clinicopathological conditions of the spine. Materials and Methods: The 6 cervical and upper 5 thoracic vertebrae of 30 human adult male columns were selected for the study. The various parameters of inferior body surface area, pedicle index, body-pedicle angle and the ratio pedicle index to inferior body surface area were measured for each of the 6 cervical and upper 5 thoracic vertebrae of 30 columns. Results: The area of the inferior surface of T 5 vertebra was more than double that of the body of C 2 vertebra. The mean pedicle index was greater at C 2 , T 1 , and T 2 levels, while it was smaller at the remaining levels. At C 2 level, in relation to the body, pedicles were directed backwards, downwards and laterally while, at C 4 level, pedicles were almost directed horizontal. From C 6 level downwards, pedicles were directed upwards and backwards. Their lateral deviation gradually diminished and at T 5 , it was directed completely backwards. Conclusion: The measurements obtained by the present study reveals the importance of pedicle in understanding the mechanics of spinal anatomy and its applications with respect to transmission of weight.