Background: Metabolic syndrome worsens complications in psoriasis patients by predisposing them to cardiovascular diseases. Psoriasis has been widely associated with metabolic syndrome; however, it has still not been proven owing to a limited number of studies and some of those reporting conflicting results. Objective: Psoriasis has reportedly been associated with metabolic syndrome; however, it has yet not been established beyond doubt owing to conflicting literature. The present meta-analysis of observational studies aims to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in psoriasis patients and establish an inferring point that psoriasis patients are certainly susceptible to metabolic syndrome. The study will benefit clinicians to assess and monitor psoriasis patients for several associated comorbid conditions and in its treatment. Methods: A systematic web search for ‘Psoriasis’, ‘Metabolic Syndrome’, ‘Hypertension’, ‘Plasma Glucose’, ‘Dyslipidaemia’, ‘Waist Circumference’ was performed, collecting all original observational studies on humans up to April 30, 2018. Depending on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, articles were screened for eligibility. Due to the presence of significant heterogeneity, the Odds Ratio (OR) was calculated using a random-effect model with Der-Simonian and Laird method. The statistical heterogeneity was determined using I2 statistics. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software, Version 3 was used to perform all the analysis. Results: Sixty-three studies encompassing 15,939 psoriasis patients and 103,984 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Among them, 30.29 % of psoriasis patients were reported with metabolic syndrome in comparison to 21.70 % of subjects in the control group. The present study clearly indicates an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome among psoriasis patients (OR: 2.077 [95% CI, 1.84 - 2.34]). Conclusions: The findings support the fact that psoriasis patients have a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome. Our study also recommends that psoriasis patients should be regularly monitored for metabolic syndrome complications and its associated risk factors such as hypertension, raised triglyceride, lowered HDL Cholesterol, increased fasting plasma glucose, and waist circumference.

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Fasciola gigantica cathepsin (cysteine) proteases are potential diagnostic antigens for animal and human fasciolosis. These include cathepsin-L proteases that have been exploited in the diagnosis of animal fasciolosis. However, no scientific data on the diagnostic potential of F. gigantica cathepsin B proteases is available. Therefore, three recombinant antigens of F. gigantica viz. cathepsin (cat) B-1, cat B-2 and cat B-3 were expressed in prokaryotic expression system. The recombinant antigens were purified under denaturing conditions by Nickel affinity chromatography and an optimal level of the recombinant proteins was obtained. These recombinant proteins will further be evaluated for their potential in the early prepatent diagnosis of F. gigantica infection in domestic ruminants.

Diseases caused by geminiviruses have long been recognized as a limitation to the cultivation of several important crops, including maize, cassava; bean, squash, potato and tomato, in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. More recently, geminivirus diseases, particularly those transmitted by whiteflies, have become an even greater threat to agriculture due to the appearance of a new and more aggressive whitefly biotype. This has renewed interest in the study of geminivirus pathogenesis and epidemiology and has stimulated work on the development of virus-resistant crop plants. Recognition of disease symptoms in field samples was done and total genomic DNA was isolated from the diseased and healthy samples. The viral genome was amplified using specific two sets of primers CP and ROJAS, was checked by agarose gel electrophoresis resulted in no amplification in case of CP and 1.2kb DNA fragments with ROJAS primer gave the confirmation of presence of DNA-A. The evidence for the presence of DNA-A was obtained from PCR amplification.

In the present study plants of Ceratophyllum demersum L. was collected and grown for six months in large hydrophobic tubes. The effect of zinc ion concentration was studied at different concentration on plant; for 7 days in 10 per cent Hoagland media. After day 1 no significant effect was observed on plant for all concentration of zinc. After day 2, 3 and 4 change in colour from green to yellow was observed with different colour intensity. It was observed that after day 5, 6 and 7 the leaves of Ceratophyllum demersum L. become black in colour, the intensity of blacking in colour was increased as concentration of zinc ion increased.The plant showed maximum accumulation of cadmium after 7 day at 20µM concentration.The maximum level of thiol compound was observed at 10µM after 3 days. The maximum level of cysteine synthetase was observed at 10µM after 3 days. The maximum level of glutathione-S-transferase was observed at 10µM after 4 days. The maximum level of glutathione reductase was observed at 10µM after 4 days. The plant showed maximum accumulation of arsenic after 7 day at 20µM concentration. The maximum level of cysteine concentration was observed at 15µM after 4 days. The maximum reduced glutathione concentration was observed at 10µM and 20µM, respectively.