The antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of commercially available oil-soluble rosemary extracts VivOX 20 and VivOX 4 were investigated against lipid oxidation and microbial growth in vacuum-packed chicken frankfurters. The content of the main active ingredient, carnosic acid, in extracts was 20% and 4% (w/w), respectively. For comparison, the activity of commercially available preservative Robin LI LS was also tested. The control was chicken frankfurters made without test additives. Antioxidant activity tests were performed at 3 storage temperatures (4, 12, 25 • C), using the Rancimat method. Antimicrobial effect was investigated by aerobic plate count. Results showed that both rosemary preparations possess antioxidant and antimicrobial properties that may make them useful in the food industry. In chicken frankfurters with added VivOX 20 and VivOX 4, higher oxidative stability was exhibited at all storage temperatures, as in frankfurters with Robin LI LS. Addition of VivOX 20, VivOX 4, and Robin LI LS also significantly reduced the aerobic plate count, compared to controls, stored at 4 or 12 • C.Rosemary extracts VivOX 20 and VivOX 4 (patent WO 0049115, Knez and others 2000) were obtained from Vitiva (Markovci, Slovenia). VivOX 20 contains, according to the supplier's product specification, 95% of rosemary extract (total antioxidants > 23%) and SiO 2 (< 5%), while VivOX 4 contains 20% of rosemary extract (total antioxidants > 6%), 7% of SiO 2 , and 73% of NaCl. The content of the main active ingredient, carnosic acid, in the VivOX 20 and VivOX 4 is 20% (w/w) and 4% (w/w), respectively. Preservative Robin LI LS was purchased from Dera Food Technology N. V. (Bornem, Belgium). The main ingredients in Robin LI LS, according to the supplier's product specification, are sodium acetate, salt, and polyphosphate. The vacuum-packed chicken frankfurters were produced in Perutnina Ptuj (Ptuj, Slovenia) and contained approximately 25% fat.

Influence of carbon dioxide concentration during compost and casing soil overgrowth, inoculum rate, casing soil depth and mixing on Agaricus blazei fruiting bodies yield was determined. Compost composed of chicken manure and wheat straw which is used for commercial button mushrooms cultivation in Slovenia showed to be appropriate for A. blazei fruiting bodies production. Out of the parameters tested in our experiments, casing soil depth and inoculum rate had the biggest positive effect on fruiting bodies production. For A. blazei fruiting bodies production higher rates of inoculum and at least 8.5 kg of commercial casing soil per square meter of compost surface should be used. Higher carbon dioxide concentrations shoved to be beneficial for attaining higher yields of A. blazei fruiting bodies. Raziskovan je bil vpliv koncentracije ogljikovega dioksida med preraščanjem komposta in krovne prsti (pokrivke), količine glivnega vcepka primešanega kompostu ter količine krovne prsti in mešanje le-te po preraščanju s podgobjem na obrod gob Agaricus blazei. Kompost pripravljen iz kurjega gnoja ter pšenične slame, ki ga izdelujejo ter na območju Slovenije uporabljajo za komercialno gojenje šampinjonov, se je izkazal kot primeren za gojenje gob vrste A. blazei. Med testiranimi parametri gojenja sta na povečanje pridelka vplivali predvsem količina krovne prsti in koncentracija glivnega vcepka vmešanega v kompost. Za uspešno gojenje je potrebno uporabiti vsaj 8,5 kg komercialne krovne prsti na kvadratni meter komposta. Višje koncentracije ogljikovega dioksida in pokrivke pozitivno vplivajo na obrod gob.

The pleuromutilin antibiotic tiamulin (TIA) is known to produce a variety of negative interactive effects when it is administered in combination with several anticoccidial ionophores. A 35-d growth study was performed in cages to evaluate the compatibility of TIA when it was administered concurrently with the poly-ether ionophore anticoccidial semduramicin (SEM). Tiamulin and SEM, both alone and in combination, were administered to 10 replicates of female broilers arranged in a completely randomized block design. Tiamulin was administered in drinking water (250 mg of TIA/kg of water) from d 15 through 19 of the study, whereas SEM was incorporated in feed (25 mg/kg) from placement to the conclusion of the test. Water consumption was determined during the period of concurrent administration of the drugs and weekly measurements of feed intake and bird performance were recorded. In addition, hematocrit, blood cell counts, serum protein, albumin, glucose, uric acid, electrolytes, and activities of several enzymes were determined from blood samples taken at d 35. Results indicated that simultaneous administration of TIA and SEM during the third week of the trial reduced water and feed intake resulting in a temporary growth depression. Feed efficiency was transiently affected during the period of coadministration. However, during the fourth week of the test, negative effects in body weight were not observed for any treatment and feed conversion improved for birds concurrently receiving TIA + SEM. By the termination of the experiment, no adverse effects were observed in final performance for any treatment. Histopathological and hematological parameters were unaffected by treatment at d 35 of the test. These results demonstrated that simultaneous administration of TIA and SEM produced only temporary impairments of water and feed consumption that transiently influenced performance. Neither mortality nor long-term effects on performance variables occurred in broilers.

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