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A set of linear time-variant dynamic models for the interactive respiratory/cardiovascular mechanism is constructed and analyzed in this work. By using equivalent electric circuits for heart/blood and lung/air subsystems, the dynamics of cardiovascular subsystem and respiration cycle are established. In order to verify the validity of the dynamic models, numerical simulations and analysis on heart-lung interactions, including the valvular closure incompetence and pulmonary obstruction, are presented and compared with the empirical reports in literature. The derived dynamics of heart-lung interactions can be realized and examined in the biomechanical and medical engineering fields. In addition, the dynamic models can also be used for the model-based controller synthesis in medical instrumentations, for example, the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, to retain the function of blood circulation and/or respiration by artificial intelligence.

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A fuzzy anti-windup compensator is proposed and applied to the embedded cylindrical-array magnetic actuator to ensure the superior performance of spindle position regulation for milling machines under actuator saturation. Since embedded cylindrical-array magnetic actuator is a type of active magnetic bearing, the supplied coil current and the induced magnetic force are both limited by the maximum current and power output of the active magnetic bearing and the associated amplifier. Once the magnetic actuator is saturated, the required control input cannot be realized by an embedded cylindrical-array magnetic actuator and may lead to drastic tremble of the spindle position. In this work, an anti-windup compensator, based on a fuzzy logic algorithm, is therefore proposed to rectify the control input to an embedded cylindrical-array magnetic actuator. By employing commercial software, MATLAB/Simulink, and signal processing interface, Module DS1104 by dSPACE, the efficacy of the fuzzy anti-windup compensation is practically verified by intensive experiments.