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The human retina is a complex neural tissue that detects light and sends visual information to the brain. However, the molecular and cellular processes that underlie aging primate retina remain unclear. Here, we provide a comprehensive transcriptomic atlas based on 119,520 single cells of the foveal and peripheral retina of humans and macaques covering different ages. The molecular features of retinal cells differed between the two species, suggesting the distinct regional and species specializations of the human and macaque retinae. In addition, human retinal aging occurred in a region- and cell-type- specific manner. Aging of human retina exhibited a foveal to peripheral gradient. MYO9A− rods and a horizontal cell subtype were greatly reduced in aging retina, indicating their vulnerability to aging. Moreover, we generated a dataset showing the cell-type- and region- specific gene expression associated with 55 types of human retinal disease, which provides a foundation to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying human retinal diseases. Together, these datasets are valuable for understanding the molecular characteristics of primate retina, as well as the molecular regulation of aging progression and related diseases.

This study aims at improving the understanding of the subjective symptoms and signs of two different clinical categories of ocular graft-versus-host disease. After reviewing and screening 193 posthematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients of Peking University Third Hospital, we enrolled 148 (21 acute ocular GVHD, 127 chronic ocular GVHD). Patients' subjective symptoms, ocular parameters, and typical ocular signs were collected and evaluated at the same visit. Classic acute ocular GVHD patients had variable levels of conjunctival involvement but few had keratopathy; increased mucus secretion (21 of 21, 100.0%), red eye (19 of 21, 90.5%), and lacrimation (11 of 21, 52.4%) were the characteristic symptoms. The classic chronic ocular group had severe eye dryness and further corneal lesions, including filamentary keratitis, corneal ulcer, and corneal vascularization. Eye dryness (115 of 127, 90.6%), increased fibrous secretion (53 of 127, 41.7%), photophobia (50 of 127, 39.4%), and alacrimia (45 of 127, 35.4%) were the most common symptoms. Although 44.1% (56 of 127) of these patients had a history of acute ocular GVHD episodes, most were overlooked, so they did not receive stepwise evaluation and treatment. Management of ocular GVHD is very challenging and requires cooperation among disciplines.

course. We report on a single institution's modern NA-CRT experience in management of localized STS. Materials/Methods: Retrospective review of localized STS patients who underwent a curative course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy followed by surgical resection from a single institution was performed. Cases undergoing NA-CRT for metastatic STS or with a prior history of excision were excluded from analysis. Acute radiation toxicities were quantified using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events scoring schema. Prechemoradiation and post-chemoradiation primary disease PET/CT avidity values were collected as well as final surgical resection margin status. Using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, 2-year local control (LC), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were estimated. Results: From 2011 to 2018, 37 consecutive cases of biopsy-proven stage IA-IIIB STS to the extremities (27), pelvis (5), paraspinal region (3), adrenal gland (1), and chest wall (1) were identified. Median radiation dose delivered was 46.8 Gy (range: 16-54 Gy), and all patients underwent conventional neoadjuvant chemotherapy with the majority receiving ifosfamide (31). Following NA-CRT, mean reduction of 67% was observed in tumor PET avidity (range: 17-100%); once resected, mean tumor necrosis of 54.0% (range: 2-100%) was observed with complete response in 16.2% (nZ6) and partial response in 75.7% (nZ28). Post-treatment resection margins were negative in all patients with 21.6% having close margin of 1 mm or less and only an additional patient needing re-excision due to an initial positive margin. At median follow-up of 32.8 months (range: 3.3-88.5 months), 2-year LC was 91.7%, DFS 71.4% and OS 92.0%. Radiation was relatively well tolerated during the course of therapy: 70.3% of patients presented with grade I/II radiation dermatitis (single case of grade 3) and 21.6% with grade 1 fatigue. There were 2 cases of delay in treatment due to radiation-related grade 2 esophagitis and abscess development requiring termination of treatment after 1600cGy; 3 other cases of treatment delays were secondary to chemotherapy-related admissions. Postsurgical complications included wound infection in 10.8% (nZ4), and wound dehiscence in 8.1% (nZ3). Conclusion: Neoadjuvant sequencing of chemoradiation in STS trimodality treatment is effective and relatively well tolerated. While this singleinstitution report of NA-CRT demonstrates outstanding resection margin status and long-term local disease control, future prospective assessment of optimal sequencing and identification of reliable prognostic biomarkers and new systemic therapies would be needed for further advancements in STS management.

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