Routine urine cytology is costly and of limited clinical value as a first line investigation for all patients with hematuria, and should be omitted from guidelines.

Almost 50% of patients presenting with visible hematuria will have a diagnosis. Therefore, all cases of visible hematuria require full standard investigations. Patients with no diagnosis can be discharged from followup. Recurrent visible hematuria after full initial negative findings requires repeat full standard investigations because 11.6% will have malignant pathology.

Type of upper limb fistula did not impact on failure rates. Flow limiting stenoses impacted on fistula failure.

Metastatic Crohn's disease is a rare inflammatory process that is non-contiguous from the bowel. It can affect the penis and is variable in presentation and onset in relation to bowel symptoms. It has been treated with oral, topical, systemic, and surgical therapies. We describe our experience with two cases of penile metastatic Crohn's disease and their management in comparison with other cases described in the literature. Both our patients were of the lymphoedematous type and had sexual and voiding dysfunction. They were treated with topical and intra-lesional steroids and circumcision after unsuccessful systemic treatments.

No abstract