The involvement application and use of crisis and emergency management and communication are increasing rapidly. This study conducts a systematic literature review to identify the development of theoretical models in the area of social media crisis communication and management. The study aims to review and analyse the relationship of social media-based crisis communication in the context of crisis informatics and its taxonomy and the related crisis communication theoretical models to derive the challenges and limitations. A total of 207 articles were selected for the evaluation based on quality, relevancy, and contribution. The findings revealed that the situational crisis communication theory (SCCT) is the most dominant theory, followed by social-mediated crisis communication (SMCC) and integrated crisis mapping (ICM) models. The study identified theories such as the STREMII model, social media crisis management matrix/framework (SMSMF), and an interactive crisis communication model (ICCM) as emerging models. Moreover, the result of the finding shows that stakeholder interaction is an understudied field, while information reliability and processing for decision-making purposes, the wider application of social media sites, privacy issues, and how social media interaction can improve community resilience or build stakeholders relationships remain suitable topics for future research.

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Nowadays most of the public sector organisations are implementing a knowledge management system (KMS) to assist the systematic creation and sharing of their knowledge resources. The recent technological needs, collaboration and cooperation among public sector organisations (PSO) serve a vital role in the development of knowledge management systems (KMS). However, in order to establish a successful and standardised collaborative KMS amongst Malaysian PSO (MPSO), proper governance needs to be in place. The aim of this study is to identify governance components for collaborative KMS (CKMS). Accordingly, the journal articles published within the period 1998-2013 were identified and analysed. The articles were sourced mainly from Knowledge Management Research & Practice, Science Direct, Emerald, MIS Quarterly, as well as from some other academic databases. Keywords used during the literature search were "governance", "knowledge management system", "collaboration", "collaborative knowledge management system", "knowledge sharing" and "knowledge management governance". Moreover, expert opinion from the public sector expert teams and academic experts was also acquired from several consultation sessions to ensure that the components obtained from the readings meet the requirements of KMS collaborations. Based on the analysis and consultation, a conceptual model for governance of CKMS is constructed.

Currently, higher learning institutions (HLIs) are facing their most challenging problem in inefficient information management. The knowledge management system (KMS) application calls for providing several benefits to lecturers and students, producing daily information, documenting records for evidence of a transaction, and eventually improving the decision-making process. Knowledge management can be coupled with fuzzy logic to deal with imprecision and uncertainty of data in a KMS. The ICT dynamic development has shifted the HLI operations from manual to electronic-based handling of related information. KMS is one of the systems that are of significant consideration in this regard. Nevertheless, such a system has not been extensively adopted as expected due to users’ rejection of its use. In the present paper, the factors affecting the decision to adopt/reject KMS are highlighted. The study is qualitative and entails a critical review of the related literature concerning the topic, backed by interviews. KMS experts working with highly reputable HLI were interviewed. A total of 11 factors were focused on in light of their effect on the decision to adopt/reject KMS, as argued by the technological adoption theories and literature review. All the factors were validated and placed in ranks by the experts. From the results, a novel conceptual framework of KMS adoption was developed for Libyan HLIs to bring about technology adoption and improved decision-making.

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