Adenomyoepitheliomas are uncommon breast tumours. By definition they have a prominent component of myoepithelial cells, in addition to glandular elements lined by epithelial cells. Malignant adenomyoepithelioma of the breast is even more rare, characterised by malignant proliferation of epithelial and myoepithelial cells that show characteristic histological and immunohistochemical features. Only 11 cases have been reported to date. A case of malignant adenomyoepithelioma of the breast is reported.

Objectives: To identify the percentage of ovarian cancers with positive peritoneal cytology and to correlate the positive cytology with the prognostic factors. Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study, evaluated the data of surgical specimens of malignant ovarian tumors, received in the Department of Pathology, Dow University of Health Sciences over a period of three years. The peritoneal cytology was correlated with these prognostic parameters: the size of the tumor, stage, capsular invasion, omental, and lymph node metastasis. Results: Eighty malignant ovarian tumors were diagnosed. Serous carcinoma was the most common ovarian tumor, diagnosed in 24 (30.0%) cases, followed by endometrioid carcinoma in 17 (21.25%) and Granulosa cell tumor in 11 (13.75%) cases. The mean age of the patients was 41.91 years (range 7-71 years). The mean size of the tumors was 10.03 cm (SD 5.62 cm). The ovarian capsular invasion was present in 27 (33.75%) tumors. Peritoneal cytology was positive in 10/24 cases, with a detection rate of 41.66%. Omentum was involved in 12/34 (35.29%) cases. Lymph node dissection was performed in three cases, two were reported as positive for metastasis. Peritoneal cytology significantly correlated with the tumor size (p=0.045), and with ovarian capsular invasion (p=0.054) and omental metastasis (p=0.052). Most of the tumors were staged as FIGO stage IA. Conclusion: Peritoneal cytology correlates with the tumor size, stage, and omental metastasis of the malignant ovarian tumors. It should be routinely performed at the time of surgery for the optimal staging of the patients. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4393 How to cite this:Gulzar R, Shahid R, Mumtaz S, Hassan JA. Significance of peritoneal washing cytology in the accurate staging of malignant ovarian tumors. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4393 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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The aim of this research work was to investigate the less toxic and more specific hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of hexane, ethanol extracts along with pure compound β-sitosterol glucoside isolated from leaves of Adenanthera pavonina in carbon tetra chloride (CCl 4 ) induced liver damage in rat. The anti-oxidant effect was assessed in different concentrations of 100, 250, 500 and 1000 µg/ml by in-vitro model system of ferric cyanide reducing power assay using, ascorbic acid as a standard drug. Ethanol and hexane extracts of A. pavonina 75, 150 and 250 mg/kg body weight along with pure compound β-sitosterol glucoside 25, 75 and 100 mg/kg body weight were administered orally for six days to CCl 4 (1.5 ml/kg body weight in equal volume of olive oil (1:1)) treated rats and the hepatoprotective activity was assessed in prophylactic and therapeutic model using biochemical parameters aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine biochemical parameters like aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphate (ALP), total bilirubin (TB) and direct bilirubin (DB) along with histopathological studies of liver tissues. The results were compared with standard hepatoprotective drug containing (BetaineGlucuronate + Diethanol amine Glucuronate + Nicotinamide Ascorbate). Five-days treatment of tested samples showed dose dependent reduction of CCl 4 induced elevated activity of serum enzymes and total and direct bilirubin indicating the recovery of hepatic enzymes both in prophylactic and therapeutic model. However oral administration of β-sitosterol glucoside can significantly reduce the activity of ALP 183.40 IU/L, ᵞ-GT 0.60 IU/L, DB 0.04 mg/dl and ALT 30.20 IU/L, TB 0.14 mg/dl at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight in prophylactic and therapeutic model respectively. This hepatoprotective effect was comparable to that of the standard drug. Histopathological study of animals showed intact bile duct and portal vein without any cellular necrosis and fatty infiltration. The ferric cyanide reducing power assay showed that A. pavonina possessed magnificent anti-oxidant potential in concentration dependent manner but less than standard drug ascorbic acid and among all tested samples β-sitosterol glucoside indicated highest reducing power 0.279. Results of the present study indicated presence of anti-oxidant phytochemicals in A. pavonina leaves and exhibited substantial reducing power of free radicals, responsible for promising hepatoprotective effect.

We describe a rare case of chondroid heterotopia in the myometrium with associated foci of adenomyosis, in a 45 years old female, presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding and abdominal pain. Designated as metaplastic and benign, it needs to be differentiated from other benign conditions as impacted fetus, teratoma, chondroma, and certain malignant conditions like malignant mixed mullerian tumor, adenosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma.