Several aspects of the relationship between Ethical climate and bullying have been explored. The aim of this study is to find out the effects of Ethical climate upon the relationship between bullying behavior. This study contributes to the existing research by taking the effects of bullying behavior into account. Regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between variables. Regression was done to measure the relationship between ethical climate and bullying behavior. The more positive is ethical climate, the less is bullying behavior. Bullying has negative impacts on work productivity of organization. The relationship of ethical climate and organizational outcomes suggested that, this climate has effects upon people' perceptions regarding their job satisfaction and psychological wellbeing. Most of the time effective reactions in the work place are positively associated to perception of comfortable environment. Positive ethical environment should be maintained to subside the deviant behavior and bullying at workplace. Ethical climate helps to get right decision for any organization struggling to decrease the level of bullying. It is demanding to improve the level of ethical decision making, which help to decrease the level of bullying in the workplace. Additionally it is more important for any organization to encourage the dimension of ethical-decision making, if their aim is to decrease bullying behavior. So ethical climate enhances positive relationship with bullying. In an organization where bullying behavior is low, ethical climate will be automatically prevalent

S h o r tt C omm u n fi c a tt fi o n N ew r e c o r d s o f tt h e s u b f am fi fl y S tt r a tt fi om y fi n a e ( D fi p tt e r a : S tt r a tt fi om y fi d a e ) f r om P a k fi s tt a n M u h amm a d A s g h a r H a s s a n , Im r a n B o d fl a h , Z a f a r I q b a fl & R u b fi n a J a b e e n

The workload remained one of the major problems in the health care system. All Health professionals dealing with this issue of increased workload such as doctors, nurses, Paramedic’s etc. Objective: To assess the effect of workload on patient safety and quality of care in the medical and surgical units of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional research study design was conducted among 178 patients at Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. The convenient sampling technique was used. The population that is targeted was patients of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Results: The general finding of the study demonstrated that workload affect the patient safety and quality of care. The descriptive statistics applied, frequency and mean checked, formed for quality, cronbach alpha, bartlett's, KMO and kolmogorov-smirnov test values have been checked to insure the validity and reliability and data normality in our context. The values showed positive and significant results and tools were consider as reliable and valid for performing statistical analysis. Conclusions: The study concluded that nurse to patient ratio is not appropriate. And this inappropriate nurse to patient ratio cause lack of patient safety and decrease quality care. In addition to patient condition and staffing numbers, the structure of the nursing work system also has an impact on nursing workload. The outcomes demonstrated a significant relation between nursing workload and patient safety.

The small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play a significant role in the economic development and progress of the country. There are number of factors that contribute to the success of SMEs. This study investigates the effects of total quality management, market orientation on business performance of small and medium enterprises in Pakistan. Target population of the study was SMEs. Sample size of this study was 183 SMEs operating in Rawalpindi/Islamabad. Questionnaire protocol was used to collect the data. SPSS 20 software was used for analysis. This study adds to the literature by proposing the model to examine the relationships between TQM, MO and business performance of SMEs in Pakistan. The study concludes that both TQM and MO significantly contribute for higher business performance of SMEs.

Objective: To assess whether maternal diabetes mellitus (MDM) is associated with an increased risk of congenital heart defects (CHD) in offspring. Research design and methods: A population based cohort study was conducted by using information from the National Health Services and long term care of Punjab (Pakistan) health care administrative databases. The researcher identified all women with a MDM diagnosis with a live birth singleton delivery between June 2020 and May 2022. MDM was defined based on laboratory test results and diagnosis coding. Results: A total of 17,335 people with CHD remained allocated to embryologically relevant heart phenotypes. CHD recurrence was 328 per 11,500 live births (n=236) in offspring of women having gestational diabetes mellitus, associated to a baseline danger of 81 per 11,500; attuned comparative danger for CHD remained 5.01 (96 percent confidence range, 4.52–5.54). The connection was unaffected by birth year, maternal age at diabetes beginning, or diabetes extent, in addition CHD dangers associated with type 1 and DM type-2 were not substantially different. Individuals born to females who had previously experienced acute exacerbations had a higher risk of CHD than just those born to women who had not previously experienced acute diabetes complications (hazard ratio, 8.63; 96 percent confidence interval, 6.24–11.7, and relative risk, 4.48; 96 percent confidence interval, 3.92–5.14, respectively; P=0.0005). Maternal gestational DM remained related to all particular CHD phenotypes (adjusted hazard range, 3.75–15.9). Conclusion: In a large observational study, MDM was associated with an increased risk of CHD. Therefore, diabetes screening during pregnancy is suggested to identify women at risk for CHD. Keywords: Maternal diabetes mellitus, Congenital Heart defects and Offspring