The installation of a Distributed Generation (DG) in a distribution system often changes the direction and magnitude of current for normal and faulted conditions. The changes may affect the existing protection system hence it may not work as intended to after the installation. Since DG capacity is often small, it will not be economical to invest in the changing/replacement of the protection system. For that reason, this paper proposes a methodology to find maximum capacities of DGs that can be installed without cause failures to the existing protection operation and its coordination. A case study of a distribution network in West Sumatera is present to illustrate the methodology. The results show that the more downstream of buses from the grid, the less DG capacity that can be installed.

This project aims to change the conventional ignition mechanism to beautomatic by utilizing the microcontroller-based technology. The driver startsthe engine using a smartphone microphone and bluetooth smartphone thentransmitted to the HC-06 bluetooth module that connected to the Arduino uno tomove the 5v relay module wirelessly The driver can start the engine by openingthe Arduino bluetooth voice controller application on the smartphone and thencommands the sound then sends a signal to the Arduino Uno to start the enginewithout using a conventional ignition key. Wireless communication between thesmartphone and the actuator on a motorized vehicle can function properly if usedwith a range of distances from 1 meter - 50 meters with the condition that thesensor has been applied to the vehicle

Abstract-The installation of a Distributed Generation (DG) in a distribution system often changes the direction and magnitude of current for normal and faulted conditions. The changes may affect the existing protection system hence it may not work as intended to after the installation. Since DG capacity is often small, it will not be economical to invest in the changing/replacement of the protection system. For that reason, this paper proposes a methodology to find maximum capacities of DGs that can be installed without cause failures to the existing protection operation and its coordination. A case study of a distribution network in West Sumatera is present to illustrate the methodology. The results show that the more downstream of buses from the grid, the less DG capacity that can be installed. Keywords : Distributed generation, maximum capacity of DG, overcurrent relay, relay coordinationAbstrak-Penempatan pembangkit tersebar (DG) di jaringan distribusi sering kali mengubah arah dan besar arus baik saat kondisi normal maupun kondisi gangguan. Perubahan tersebut bisa mempengaruhi sistem proteksi yang sudah terpasang, sehingga sistem proteksi tersebut mungkin tidak bekerja seperti yang diharapkan setelah pemasangan DG. Karena kapasitas DG umumnya kecil maka penggantian sistem proteksi untuk mengatasi masalah proteksi tersebut akan menjadi tidak ekonomis. Denga alasan tersebut, tulisan ini mengusulkan sebuah metode untuk mencari maksimum kapasitas DG yang dapat dipasang tanpa menyebabkan kegagalan operasi dan koordinasi sistem proteksi yang sudah ada. Studi kasus di jaringan distribusi Sumatera Barat digunakan untuk mengilustrasikan metodologi yang diusulkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin ke hilir suatu bus dari grid maka semakin kecil kapasitas DG yang dapat dipasang.