Tropical forests and peatlands provide important ecological, climate and socio‐economic benefits from the local to the global scale. However, these ecosystems and their associated benefits are threatened by anthropogenic activities, including agricultural conversion, timber harvesting, peatland drainage and associated fire. Here, we identify key challenges, and provide potential solutions and future directions to meet forest and peatland conservation and restoration goals in Indonesia, with a particular focus on Kalimantan. Through a round‐table, dual‐language workshop discussion and literature evaluation, we recognized 59 political, economic, legal, social, logistical and research challenges, for which five key underlying factors were identified. These challenges relate to the 3Rs adopted by the Indonesian Peatland Restoration Agency (Rewetting, Revegetation and Revitalization), plus a fourth R that we suggest is essential to incorporate into (peatland) conservation planning: Reducing Fires. Our analysis suggests that (a) all challenges have potential for impact on activities under all 4Rs, and many are inter‐dependent and mutually reinforcing, implying that narrowly focused solutions are likely to carry a higher risk of failure; (b) addressing challenges relating to Rewetting and Reducing Fire is critical for achieving goals in all 4Rs, as is considering the local socio‐political situation and acquiring local government and community support; and (c) the suite of challenges faced, and thus conservation interventions required to address these, will be unique to each project, depending on its goals and prevailing local environmental, social and political conditions. With this in mind, we propose an eight‐step adaptive management framework, which could support projects in both Indonesia and other tropical areas to identify and overcome their specific conservation and restoration challenges. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

Myostatin (MSTN) gene plays a key role in skletal muscle homeostasis such as inducing muscle athrophy, poliferation of myoblast, increasing ubiquitin-proteasomal, downregulating IGF pathway, and glucolysis. Myostatin gene expression is controled by CpG island located in promoter region. The objectives of this research were to identify polymorphism of MSTN promoter gene and to associate the polymorphism of SNP with growth and muscling traits in Bali cattle. A total of 48 Bali cattle from BPTU-HMT Bali island was screened to identify genetic polymorphisms in MSTN promoter region using sequencing method. The growth and muscling traits were measured at 12 months of age. The muscling traits were evaluated using ultrasound console with linear transducer having frequency 6.5 Hz and scaning we conducted at 130 mm in deep. Analysis of polymorphism was conducted by using PopGen 1.32 software. The association of MSTN with growth and muscling traits were analyzed by using General Linear Model (GLM) procedure. This result showed that a total of 20 polymorphic SNPs (seven SNPs in CpG island) were detected in this region. Although, only 3 SNPs (g.-8078C>T, g.-7996G>C, and g.-7930A>G) had equilibrium condition in Hardy-Weinberg analysis. The association result showed that 2 SNPs (g.-7799T>C and g.-7941C>T) were significantly associated with intramuscular fat percentage (P≤0.05) in Bali cattle. Although the 2 SNPs were nominally significant at nominal P≤0.05 threshold, they were not significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. It could be concluded that MSTN promoter gene was polymorphic in Bali cattle and there were 2 SNPs associated with carcass quality.

The objective of this study were to predict carcass quality characteristics in Bali cattle using ultrasound imagery. The Number of samples were 81 heads of Bali cattle consist of bulls (62 heads) and cows (19 heads) with various age ranging from 1 to 6 years were collected their body weight and carcass qualities including backfat thickness (BF), longissmus dorsi thickness (LD), rump fat thickness (RF), rump thickness (RT), marbling score (MS) and the percentage of intramuscular fat (PIF). Those were estimated using ultrasound performed on 4.5-6,5 MHz frequency with depth of 8.8-13 cm. The BF, LD, MS and PIF measurement were applied on 12th-13th ribs, while the RT and RF measurement were conducted between ischium and illium. MS determination was calculated using Aus-Meat standard, while PIF was analysis based on Deaton and Rouse (2000). Body weight and carcass quality among traits were analyzed using descriptive and correlation procedures. The results showed that performance of body weight and carcass quality differs between Bali bulls and Bali cows, as well as among the age variations. Correlation analyses among traits (body weight and carcass quality) showed strong positive correlation (P<0.05) ranging from 0.291 to 0.938. In conclusion, ultrasound imaging method could be used to estimate carcass quality characteristics in Bali cattle.

The research aimed to identify carcass characteristic that can be used for estimating composition of beef carcass. It was used 165 Brahman crossbred cattle in this research. Carcass characteristics were weight of a half cold carcass (WC) ranged from 96 to 151 kg, loin eye area (LEA) ranged from 22.09 to 304.8 mm

ABSTRAKLipoprotein lipase (LPL) merupakan enzim kunci dalam metabolisme dan transport lipoprotein yang mempengaruhi level trigliserida darah. LPL mengontrol partisi triasilgliserol antara jaringan lemak dan otot serta dapat meningkatkan penyimpanan lemak atau menyediakan energi dalam bentuk asam lemak untuk pertumbuhan otot. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi keragaman gen LPL pada domba lokal Indonesia dan hubungannya dengan kualitas marbling. Total 66 DNA genom (260 bp) domba lokal Indonesia yang terdiri atas domba ekor tipis sumatera (50 ekor) dan domba garut (16 ekor) digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Amplifikasi DNA genome menggunakan Polymerase Chain Reaction dan metode direct sequencing digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman sekuens. Hasil sekuens dianalisis menggunakan software Bioedit dan MEGA 5.2. Sekuens kemudian disejajarkan menggunakan metode Clustal W dengan gen bank X.68308.1. Assosiasi keragaman gen LPL dengan kualitas marbling dianalisis menggunakan metode ANOVA satu arah dan uji lanjut menggunakan uji beda nyata terkecil. Hasil penelitian menemukan 3 SNPs baru pada posisi basa g.26>C/G, g.27>G dan c.192 T>C pada domba garut dan insersi g.26>C/G pada domba ekor tipis sumatera. Keragaman gen LPL posisi basa c.192 pada domba garut berasosiasi dengan asam lemak heneikosanoat, dimana genotipe TT (0.04%) memiliki kandungan lebih tinggi dibandingkan genotipe CC (0,03%) dan CT (0,02%). Kata kunci: gen LPL, SNPs, lamb, asam-asam lemak, henekosanoat ABSTRACTLipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key enzyme that plays in metabolism and transport lipoprotein and therefore has an influence on blood triglyceride levels. LPL controls triacylglycerol partitioning between adipose tissue and muscle that increases fat storage or provides energy in the form of fatty acids for muscle growth. The research was aimed to explore Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of LPL gene and to associate SNP with marbling quality. A total of 66 genomic DNAs consisted of sumatera thin-tail ed sheep (50 heads) and garut sheep (16 heads) were used in this study. Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to amplify genomic DNA and direct sequencing method was to identify polymorphism sequences. The sequences were analyzed with Bio Edit and MEGA 5.2. The BLAST sequence was obtained from gene bank X.68308.1. The association between the genotype and marbling quality was analyze by one way ANOVA and further between mean differences were tested using least sgnificant difference. The results showed that 3 novel SNPs i.e. insertion g.26>C; insertion g.27> G and c.192T>C on garut sheep and a SNP insertion g.26>C/G on sumatera thin-tail ed sheep. The diversity of LPL gene at c.192T>C was associated with heneicosanoic acid, whereas TT genotype (0.04%) was higher than CC (0.03%) and CT (0.02%).