Naturally, the fertility of Aceh cattle has declined and caused huge losses in the development of Aceh cow germplasm. Several genetic-based studies have been carried out in Aceh cattle, including characteristics of genetic diversity using microsatellite DNA and its relationship to body weight in Aceh cows, but there is no research on genomics that is closely related to fertility, especially fertility in aceh cows. Previous studies have revealed a correlation between fertility with the expression of several genes involved in spermatogeneses such as Protamines (PRM 1, 2, and 3) and Transition Nuclear Proteins (TNPS 1 and 2). This study aims to identify the PRM1 gene that plays an important role in spermatogenesis and the fertility status of Aceh cattle. This research was carried out using 10 Aceh cattle testes taken from slaughterhouses, followed by DNA isolation, amplification of the PRM1 gene, DNA sequencing, and DNA base sequence analysis. The result showed that the nucleotide sequences of aceh cattle PRM1 gene did not differ from the PRM1 gene from Bos taurus and Bos indicus in the GeneBank. Analysis of protein sequences showed that PRM1 in Aceh cattle sperm is rich in the amino acid arginine, which is 36.92%. From this study, it can be concluded that the PRM1 gene from Aceh cattle is identical to the PRM1 gene from Bos taurus and Bos indicus both at the DNA sequence level and at the protein sequence.

Pain is a symptom of infection in the body but becomes crucial if it is not treated properly. Pain medication could be managed by administering anti-pain medications (analgesics). Currently, not all commercially available analgesic drugs can be used in animals, due to biochemical and metabolic variations between species causing difficulties in dosage determination and drug administration to the patient. This condition affects the drug efficacy which is incompatible with clinical relevance, has a narrow therapeutic index (NTS), and toxic. Wedelia biflora plants contain triterpenoid compounds that have received considerable attention from paramedics and pharmaceuticals, due to its ability as a therapeutic agent for chemopreventive, analgesic-antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and cancer. The purpose of this study was to obtain the basic ingredients of analgesic drugs. The 60 rats aged 3 months with bodyweight ranged 150-200 g were used in this study and divided into 2 experiments. In the first experiment, 30 rats were divided into 5 groups : K1 (control group) were given aquadest, the K2 was given 0.5 mg/ml meloxicam drug, the groups K3, K4, and K5 were given Wedelia biflora leaf extract with dose of 40 mg/kg BW, 50 mg/kg BW, and 60 mg/kg BW, respectively. The observation was carried out on pain response and blood profile of the rats. In the second experiment, the reflex righting of the rats in 5 group treatments were observed after administered with Wedelia biflora leaves extract at dose of 40, 50, 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg BW, respectively. Central pain test was carried out using tail emersion method and hot plate, while righting reflexes were observed starting from, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360 minutes after giving sernai leaf extract. The results showed that the Wedelia biflora leaves have the ability as analgesic in the rat without altering the blood profile, and also poses a positive effect on reflex righting.

Background and Aim: Wound healing is a dynamic and complex process that requires an appropriate environment to promote healing process. The healing of distant flaps in cats is determined by vascularization, nutrient sufficiency for the cells, and stability of skin flaps. This study aims to evaluate the healing of distant flaps treated with moist wound dressing through subjective and objective observation in five cats with wounds in the forelimb and hindlimb area to determine the time to cut the skin flaps from the donor site. Materials and Methods: In this study, five Indonesian local cats with wounds of various sizes in the limb were brought to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. The sterile wound treatment included the administration of anesthesia, wound debridement, and distant flap closure in the thoracic and abdominal area. The distant flap and time to cut the skin flaps from the donor site were evaluated through subjective and objective examinations. Results: The subjective observation on the color of the distant skin flaps showed redness and response to pain on day 3 after surgery, whereas the objective observation, which was based on drug absorption capability and drug effect showed good results. On day 7 after surgery, the skin flaps from the donor site were cut and showed good progress. Conclusion: Overall, moist dressing helps in stabilizing the distant flap, allowing the distant flaps from the donor site to be cut on day 7 after surgery.

The incidence of infertility in breeding male cows highly contributes to economic loss in breeders. To date, there is still a lack of a precise and accurate molecular biomarker to predict the fertility rate on each ejaculation. Therefore, it is important to accurately identify genes related to the fertility of breeding male cows to improve the efficiency of cattle reproduction. In cows, the prm1, prm2, prm3, and tnp2 genes encode basic chromosome proteins located in a compact gene cluster observed in rats and humans. Recently, there is only a few studies and information on prm3. Therefore, explanations on its function, gene profile, characteristics, regulation pattern, its correlation to sperm motility, and fertility in male cows are limited. This study aims to identify and characterize protamine 3 derived from Aceh bull testis, using PCR and DNA sequence analysis. This study was conducted on 10 Aceh bull testes obtained from a slaughterhouse. The steps taken were DNA isolation, prm3 gene amplification, DNA sequencing, and analysis of nucleotide sequences. The results showed that the nucleotide sequence of the prm3 gene in Aceh bull had a high level of homology with the prm3 gene from Bos Taurus and Bos indicus after being compared with data from The GenBank which was around 98-99%. From this study, it can be concluded that the prm3 gene from Aceh cow is identical to the prm3 gene from Bos taurus and Bos indicus at the level of DNA sequence.

Broilers are chickens with high meat production. The productivity of broiler is seen from the percentage of carcass and abdominal fat. This study aims to determine the effect of giving fermented coconut pulp (Cocos nucifera L) on the percentage of carcass and abdominal fat of broilers. This study used a completely randomized design experimental method (CRD) consisting of 6 treatments and 6 replications so that the total observations were 36 units of observation. Each treatment had P1: 100% commercial feed without fermented coconut dregs, P2: 90% commercial feed + 10% fermented coconut dregs, P3: 80% commercial feed + 20% fermented coconut dregs, P4: 70% commercial feed + 30 % fermented coconut dregs, P5: 60% commercial feed + 40% fermented coconut dregs, P6 : 50% commercial feed + 50% fermented coconut dregs. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance which was preceded by the battle test, followed by the Tukey test using the SPSS program. The analysis of variance showed significantly different results (P0.05) on the percentage of carcass and abdominal fat of the broiler. Tukey's follow-up test on the carcass showed a significant difference (P0.05) and there was no significant difference in fat (P0.05). It can be concluded that the supplementary feed of fermented coconut pulp can be used 40% as additional feed to increase the carcass percentage but not reduce the broiler abdominal fat percentage.