The magnetic semiconductor with high critical temperature has long been the focus in material science and recently is also known as one of the fundamental questions in two-dimensional (2D) materials....

No abstract

Plastids are sites for carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation, but detailed information on fruit plastid development and its relation to carotenoid accumulation remains largely unclear. Here, using Baisha (BS; white-fleshed) and Luoyangqing (LYQ; red-fleshed) loquat (Eriobotrya japonica), a detailed microscopic analysis of plastid development during fruit ripening was carried out. In peel cells, chloroplasts turned into smaller chromoplasts in both cultivars, and the quantity of plastids in LYQ increased by one-half during fruit ripening. The average number of chromoplasts per peel cell in fully ripe fruit was similar between the two cultivars, but LYQ peel cell plastids were 20% larger and had a higher colour density, associated with the presence of larger plastoglobules. In flesh cells, chromoplasts could be observed only in LYQ during the middle and late stages of ripening, and the quantity on a per-cell basis was higher than that in peel cells, but the size of chromoplasts was smaller. It was concluded that chromoplasts are derived from the direct conversion of chloroplasts to chromoplasts in the peel, and from de novo differentiation of proplastids into chromoplasts in flesh. The relationship between plastid development and carotenoid accumulation is discussed.

The transition metal (TM)-based two-dimensional (2D) materials show great promise for realizing ultrathin spintronic devices because of their structural and magnetic properties. In this work, we predict the ferromagnetic ground state of the CrGa2Te4 monolayer with an α-FeGa2S4-1T type phase. The first-principles calculations and Monte Carlo simulations indicate that this monolayer is a ferromagnetic half-metal possessing a Curie temperature of 277 K. It is revealed in this system that the further splitting of Cr-e g orbitals results in a high-spin configuration of Cr2+ with an out-of-plane easy axis. A physical picture of the magneto-crystalline anisotropy affected by the Jahn–Teller distortion in the GrCa2Te4 monolayer is obtained. This work expands our understanding of the magnetic phenomena to 2D octahedral coordinated crystals.

No abstract