Taken together, identification of these HPV types, especially HPV 16, 18, 45, and 52, and their associated cervical lesions may improve cervical cancer preventive strategies in Indonesia.
Thymoma staging, histologic type, and complete eradication through any treatment modalities are significant to increase the survival of patients and reduce its recurrence rate. Prognosis of thymoma is worse at higher stages of the disease. The patients at the advanced stage of the thymoma have a 5-year median survival of 69%. Currently, the treatment choice in thymoma is surgery providing a better prognosis (Detterback et al.,
Prognosis karsinoma paru berhubungan dengan berbagai macam faktor, antara lain : usia, jenis kelamin, ukuran tumor, staging, jenis sel dan derajat diferensiasi, invasi kepembuluh darah, dinding dada, efusi pleura, adanya jaringan ikat, keterlibatan KGB, reaksi radang, ploidy DNA dan ekspresi onkogen.Adanya hubungan langsung antara staging klinik dan angka ketahanan hidup sudah dibuktikan, terutama untuk karsinoma bukan sel kecil. Staging TNM merupakan parameter prognostik terpenting dan merancang terapi pada karsinoma paru, seperti pada kebanyakan tumor lainnya.Semua kasus karsinoma paru sebaiknya ditangani oleh tim kanker paru multidisiplin. Jika ditemukan perbedaan bermakna diantara temuan klinik dan radiologik, sebaiknya diagnosis sediaan patologik jaringan paru di review ulang, jika memungkinkan oleh ahli patologi kedua yang berpengalaman dalam kanker paru.Prosedur pemeriksaan imunohistokimia harus dilakukan bila diagnosis histopatologik tidak pasti.Kata Kunci: pTNM, NSCLC, kanker paru-paru
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.