No abstract

No abstract

This study was carried out to determine the influence of cuprous oxide nanoparticles (Cu2O NPs) biosynthesised from leaf extracts of Flacourtia montana on the tomato Lycioersicum esculentum seed germination, seedling growth and vigour index. Here we examined the promotory and phytotoxic effect of Cu2O NPs (0-160ppm) on tomato seeds resulted in dosage dependent response. The highest germination percentage (95%) was observed at 20ppm Cu2O NPs, however, above 20ppm Cu2O NPs, there is a reduction in the seed germination. The tomato seedlings showed increased root and shoot elongation up to 20ppm Cu2O NPs concentration, further increase in NPs concentration caused the negative effect on plants growth and development. The leaf pigments showed increasing trend in tomato plants after treatment with Cu2O NPs up to 20ppm as compared to control. Phytotoxicity of Cu2O NPs in tomato seedlings demonstrated by lower contents of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid pigments. The study of effect on antioxidant enzymes showed increases in activity with increase in Cu2O NPs concentration for two enzymes, Super oxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) out of five enzymes treated. High antioxidant activity of enzymes is followed by the increased lipid peroxidation and decrease in free radical scavenging activity by the DPPH. The activity of Catalase, Pheny Alanine Aminolyase and Poly Phenol Oxidase enzymes were found to increase up to 20ppm as compared to control and above this, all three enzymes showed decrease in activity. Uptake of Cu2O NPs nanoparticle by tomato seedlings was confirmed by atomic absorption spectroscopy.  Key words: Nano-Cuprous Oxide, Flacourtia montana, Tomato, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation

The effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the quality of forage alfalfa (Medicago sativa L). The material used are alfalfa seed, land used for the research are area of 324 m2, KCl and urea fertilizer as basic fertilizer, P fertilizer as a treatment is SP 36, BP and organic fertilizers. Organic fertilizer derived from cow and goat manure, with each dose of 35 tons/ha. The research design is a randomized block design with 9 treatments and 3 replications as follows: P0: control (without P fertilizer, without organic fertilizer), P1: Manure A (cow), P2: Manure B (goat), P3: Manure ‘plus’ A, P4: Manure ‘plus’ B, P5: Manure A + BP, P6: Manure B + BP, P7: Manure A + SP-36, P8: Manure B + SP-36. The observed parameters were forage dry matter production, crude protein content and crude fiber content. The data was analysed by analysis of variance, followed by Duncan test. The results showed that manure ‘plus’ produce higher dry matter production than manure and manure A/B + SP 36 in the second cutting. Manure A/B + SP 36 fertilizer produce equal crude protein and crude fiber content to manure ‘plus’ both in the first defoliation and second defoliation.

No abstract