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A series of new 1-(heterocyclyalkyl)-4-(propionanilido)-4-piperidinyl methyl esters and methylene methyl ethers have been synthesized and pharmacologically evaluated. In the mouse hot-plate test, the majority of compounds exhibited an analgesia (ED50 less than 1 mg/kg) superior to that of morphine. These studies revealed a pharmacological accommodation for many more structurally diverse and far bulkier aromatic ring systems than the corresponding components of the arylethyl groups of the prototypic methyl ester (carfentanil, 2) and methylene methyl ether (sufentanil, 3 and alfentanil, 4) 4-propionanilido analgesics. Compound 9A (methyl 1-[2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-ethyl]-4-[(1-oxopropyl)phenylamino]-4- piperidinecarboxylate), which exhibited appreciable mu-opioid receptor affinity, was a more potent and short-acting analgesic, than alfentanil with less respiratory depression in the rat. On the other hand, the phthalimides 57A and 57B, which exhibited negligible affinity for opioid receptors associated with the mediation of nociceptive transmission (i.e., mu-, kappa-, and delta-subtypes), displayed analgesic efficacy in all antinociception tests. In addition, while 57B, compared to clinical opioids, showed a superior recovery of motor coordination after regaining of righting reflex from full anesthetic doses in the rat rotorod test, 57A showed significantly less depression of cardiovascular function at supraanalgesic doses in the isoflurane-anesthetized rat.

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Salviarin has been shown by a combination of spectroscopic and X-ray methods t o be 15.1 6-epoxy-trans-cleroda-2.1 3(1 6), 14-trieno-l2.17;19,18-dilactone (1) Salvia species (Labiatae) are widespread in both the temperate and the tropical zones and a number have found local use as medicinal and culinary herbs.l A variety of bi-and tri-cyclic diterpenoids have been isolated from these species. Salvia splendens is a Brazilian species which is now widely used for ornamental purposes. Extraction of the leaves has afforded ursolic p &o I ' tHz 1 ' ' 0 acid and a new diterpenoid, salviarin, C2,H2,05, to which we assign structure (1) .t This had i.r. absorptions characteristic of a y-lactone (1 775 cm-l), a 6-lactone