Adult rats were treated acutely with peripheral kainic acid (KA), and changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and protein were tracked over time across multiple brain regions. Despite robust elevation in both mRNA and protein in multiple brain regions, plasma BDNF was unchanged and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) BDNF levels remained undetectable. Primary neurons were then treated with KA. BDNF was similarly elevated within neurons, but was undetectable in neuronal media. Thus, while deficits in BDNF signaling have been implicated in a number of diseases, these data suggest that extracellular concentrations of BDNF may not be a facile biomarker for changes in neurons.

No abstract

Summary A total of 177 puerperal women who did not want to breast feed their babies were divided into four groups and treated either by clomiphene in two different dosage schedules or placebo in two different dosage schedules. The drugs were administered in a double‐blind controlled method. The most effective in inhibiting lactation as well as relieving engorgement, tenderness and discomfort of breasts was 100 mg. clomiphene given daily for five days. This regime was successful in 98.2 per cent of patients and there were no side effects.

The antimicrobial property of human uterine cervical mucus was tested in three groups of women. Healthy women, using no contraception, women using an intrauterine device and women receiving hormonal treatment for contraception. Cervical mucus was taken on the 10th, 14th, 18th and 22nd day of the menstrual cycle. Cervical mucus had a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of Micrococcuslysodeicticus in all three groups. The strength of the inhibitory effect on the other microorganisms were in the following order: Staphylococcusalbus, Staphylococcusaureus, Proteusmirabilis, Escherichiacoli, Candidaalbicans, Streptococcushaemolyticus, Streptococcusfaecalis. Use of an intrauterine device did not affect the antimicrobial effect of cervical mucus. The use of hormonal contraceptive canceled the antimicrobial effect on the series of microorganisms, with the exception of M. lysodeicticus. The maximum inhibitory effect occurred on the 14th day and declined toward the end of the menstrual cycle.