ABSTRACT. The purpose of this study was to review the embryology, classification, imaging features and treatment options of Mü llerian duct anomalies. The three embryological phases will be described and the appearance of the seven classes of Mü llerian duct anomalies will be illustrated using hysterosalpingography, ultrasound and MRI. This exhibit will also review the treatment options, including interventional therapy. The role of imaging is to help detect, classify and guide surgical management. At this time, MRI is the modality of choice because of its high accuracy in detecting and accurately characterising Mü llerian duct anomalies. In conclusion, radiologists should be familiar with the imaging features of the seven classes of Mü llerian duct anomalies, as the appropriate course of treatment relies upon the correct diagnosis and categorisation of each anomaly.

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We report a case of ureterocolic fistula secondary to urolithiasis in a 70-year-old female imaged with both CT and an antegrade nephrostogram. The ureterocolic fistula was managed with insertion of an antegrade ureteral stent.

Background and ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the clinical significance of dizziness associated with acute peripheral facial palsy (APFP).Subjects and MethodsMedical records of patients who visited an otorhinolaryngology clinic at a university hospital and were admitted for treatment of APFP between 2014 and 2016 were thoroughly reviewed.ResultsIn total, 15.3% (n=15) of patients had dizziness. Continuous, rotatory dizziness without exacerbating factors was most common and frequently accompanied by nausea/vomiting. Dizziness disappeared within 1 week during the hospitalization period. Patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome (31.0%) had dizziness more frequently than those with Bell’s palsy (8.7%). In addition, higher hearing thresholds and pain around the ear was reported more often in dizzy patients (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the initial House-Brackmann grade of facial paralysis was solely associated with final recovery, but dizziness was not associated with prognosis.ConclusionsPatients with APFP may have transient dizziness in the early stage, which may be more frequently accompanied by worse hearing thresholds and/or pain around the ear. However, these symptoms including dizziness seem to be unrelated to final prognosis.

Method A 53-year-old male with a remote history of head trauma complicated by posttraumatic right cavernous carotid fistula presented with progressive headaches. He was treated at another facility via trans-superior ophthalmic vein coil embolization several years prior.CT angiography demonstrated recurrence with a complex fistula. Further investigation via cerebral angiogram demonstrated a type A direct high flow cavernous-carotid fistula with cortical venous drainage and multiple venous aneurysms. Result The fistula was treated by R ICA deconstruction with coil and Onyx embolization after a balloon occlusion test. Follow up MRI after one year suggested a continued lowpressure fistula. He subsequently underwent cerebral angiogram which showed an indirect fistula, with feeders from ethmoidal arteries and branches of the internal maxillary artery. Outflow was through the sphenoparietal sinus. There was a direct fistula communication in between the posterior communicating artery and fistula outflow. Via the R PCommA, the fistula outflow was embolized using coils and Onyx with almost complete obliteration of the fistula and minimal to no reflux into the right posterior communicating artery. The patient did well postoperatively with complete resolution of headaches and was seen recently in clinic for 6 months follow up visit. Conclusion We present a patient with carotid-cavernous arteriovenous fistula complicated by subsequent fistula between the posterior communicating artery and sphenoparietal sinus successfully endovascularly treated with complete obliteration of the fistula without reflux. To our knowledge, this is the first such report. We present this case to review the multiple challenges of managing complicated traumatic carotid cavernous arteriovenous fistula and to highlight the utility of endovascular intervention in their treatment.