Biofuels extracted from plant biomass can be used as fuel in CI engines to lower a hazardous atmospheric pollutant and mitigate climate risks. Furthermore, its implementation is hampered by inevitable obstacles such as feed stocks and the crop area required for their cultivation, leading to a lack of agricultural land for the expansion of food yields. Despite this, microalgae have been discovered to be the most competent and unwavering source of biodiesel due to their distinguishing characteristics of being non-eatable and requiring no cropland for cultivation. The objectives of this paper was to look into the potential of a novel, formerly underappreciated biodiesel from microalgae species which could be used as a fuel substitute.Transesteri cation is being used to extract the biodiesel. Microalgae are blended with petroleum diesel in percentage to create Microalgae Blends (MAB) as needed for experimentation. The impact of biodiesel on performance as well as exhaust emission attributes of a 1-cylinder diesel engine was experimentally studied. Compared to petroleum diesel, different blend of Microalgae biodiesel showed a decline in torque and hence brake power, resulting in an average fall of 7.14 percent in brake thermal e ciency and 11.54 percent increase in brake speci c fuel consumption. There were wide differences in exhaust emission characteristics, including carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon, as the blend ratio in diesel increased. Moreover, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxides increase in all algae biodiesel blends, but they're still within the acceptable range of petroleum diesel.

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The current situation demands for the production of a more efficient diesel engine fuel replacement due to the increased fuel consumption, diesel fuel exhaustion, and, eventually, social and economic repercussions. Extensive to the point research has been done where it is still looking at prospective alternatives for diesel. In this scenario, the internal combustion engine's performance is a critical point to guarantee an effective and efficient alternative fuel. In this paper, a bibliographic review of the most widely debated engine operating characteristics, such as fuel consumption, thermal efficiency, and brake power, has been carried out. Furthermore, this study investigates a state-of-the-art comparison of the compression ignition engine characteristics utilizing algae biodiesel as fuel. This work has demonstrated the application of a great deal of information to assess and explain the many types of fuels and engines. Following a thorough analysis, it was revealed that the brake power has increased by 1% to 20%, the brake specific fuel consumption has increased by 0.9% to 13.90%, and the thermal efficiency has decreased by 1% to 27.65%. As a result, algae and its blend characteristics are shown to be compatible with diesel. Because algal biodiesel and its blends have performance and emission properties that are very similar to diesel, they can be utilized as diesel engine fuel without modification. Physicochemical characteristics and the impact of algae biodiesel blends on compression ignition engine performance and emissions could be investigated in addition to blend preparation.

In India, the road transportation sector mostly depends only on petro-diesel. Progressively increasing prices at the same time fast diminishing rate plays a vital role in pursuit of alternative to petroleum diesel. Lots of research been carried out to explore economical as well as technical viable alternative source to petro-diesel. The sources broadly divided in to edible and non-edible category among which conversion of edible oil into biodiesel was not at all feasible in India. So most of the research been focused on nonedible oil sources for example Jatropha, Jojoba, Polanga, Karanja, Cottonseed, Neem, and Kusum. The oil per acre yield, growth rate and oil content percentage for these sources was not pretty good. In this scenario biodiesel from microalgae may be the better alternative source for petro-diesel for the developing country like India. This article is an attempt, to explain the biodiesel production method from algae along with its characterization. In addition, the comparative analysis of an important characteristic in tabular form between algae and other sources given for better understanding.

This work deals with the numerical simulation of square cylinder with different rounded corners and numerical analysis of convective heat transfer is studied, here emphasis is being laid on both type of flow regime i.e. unsteady flow regime and steady flow regime i.e. between 40 ⩽ Re.⩽ 160 and Pr is kept as 0.7 and thus the finding suggests that the heat transfer increases significantly with rounded corners in square cylinder.