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This paper presents the results of variation in column spacing of a tube in its outer periphery concerning structural drift and cost optimization. For high rise structures, tubular framing and outrigger braced frames are considered as the most appropriate solution economically. In recent past not must study has been focused on the tubular frame in its columns spacing and span length. In this research, a simple square plan structure has been considered with different heights of 30, 40, and 50 story buildings. Six different framing systems of the tubular structure have been developed with different column spacing in each and employed to each high-rise structure. Concrete strength and steel yield strength has been taken as a fixed value for every model. Several models were developed with these combinations and the drift and structural safety have been optimized by reducing the cross-section sizes in each system. Seismic analysis has been carried out to evaluate the effects of varying column spacing in each tube. The comparison of all the employed systems was carried out and cost analysis has been made. Observations have been taken from drift, base shear, and cost analysis of each framing system of the tube, and certain results were concluded for structures with different height.

Voice over IP (VoIP) is being adopted to replace the traditional circuit switched infrastructure for telephony services. This trend has an enormous impact on the Critical Infrastructure sectors 1 which will progressively become more dependent in part or as a whole on VoIP services. Phone communications and its security is a relevant concern for most critical infrastructure sector organizations today. With passage of time this concern will morph into a new set of challenges and opportunities brought forward by the deployment of VOIP in these organizations.This study attempts to outline the potential security issues faced by the Critical Infrastructure sectors as they transform their traditional phone systems into VoIP systems. Security analysis is provided to understand the impact of VoIP security challenges in the new convergent network paradigm. Some recommendations are made on how to address many issues of VoIP security along the process of adopting IP Telephony into critical infrastructure.

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